Cola nitida

Two other commonly found sources of caffeine (16) are kola Cold) from the seeds of, for example. Cola nitida (Vent.) Schott and Engl., which contains 1—4% of the alkaloid, but Httie theophylline or theobromine, and cocoa (from the seeds of Theobroma cacao L.), which generally contains about 3% theobromine and significantiy less caffeine. 

Cola acuminata S. Seed Cola nitida Cocoa pod/cocoa beans West Africa Soft drinks, chewing nuts Kola tea 1.5... 

Kola (also spelled cola) is a nut from the plants Cola nitida and C. acuminata (figure 4.7). It is an evergreen tree, growing 15 to 20 meters... 

Kola (Cola nitida). Reprinted from Culbreth DMR. (1927). Materia Medica and Pharmacognosy, 7th ed. Philadelphia Lea Febiger. 

Kola Cola nitida and Cola acuminata) is endemic of the African rain forest. It shows stimulating properties attributable tp caffeine and theobromine present at high concentrations. Ethiopia is known for the largest variety of coffee seeds (of Coffea spp.) from an extremely varying micro-habitat, and spices. 

Cola nitida Schott and Endl., Sterculiaceae, Ang. from W Africa... 

KOLA NUTS -- Cola nitida. Family Sterculiaceae (Cacao family). 

From an economic standpoint, the most important CNS stimulant is caffeine (1,3,7-tri-methylxanthine, 4). It occurs naturally and is a product of kola (cola) nuts (Cola nitida. 

Cola nitida (Vent.) Sch. et Endl. Biiguru Mammalian pain (FrH) Powder... 

Derivation Seeds of Cola nitida or other species of Cola. 

Kola, Cola Soudan coffee Bjssy nuts gooroo nuts guru nuts. Dried cotyledons of Cola nitida Schott and End), or of other species of Cola, Sterculiaceae. Habit. West Africa naturalized in West Indies, India, Ceylon. Conslit. Abont 1.5% caffeine theobromine, kola-red, kolatm the... 

In isolated rat hearts, application of an aqueous extract of Cola nitida subsp. rubra increased the heart metabolic rate at concentrations of 4 to 8 mg/1, while the rate decreased to control levels at 10 mg/1. In hearts treated with Cola acuminata, the heart metabolic rate increased after treatment with 4 to 10 mg/1 with peak activity at 6 mg/1. Extracts of both species did not cause any change in heart metabolic rate after treatment with a concentration of 2 mg/1. Both extracts caused a dose-dependent increase followed by a decrease in heart rate (Chukwu et al. 2006). 

Abidoye, R.O. and A.P. Chijioke. 1990. Effect of kolanut Cola nitida Vent.) on the anthropometric measurement of newborn babies in Nigeria. Nutr. Res. 10(10) 1091-1098. 

Ajarem, J.S. 1990. Effects of fresh kola-nut extract (Cola nitida) on the locomotor activities of male mice. Acta Physiol. Pharmacol. Bulg. 16(4) 10-15. 

Atawodi, S.E., B. Pfundstein, R. Haubner, et al. 2007. Content of polyphenolic compoimds in the Nigerian stimulants Cola nitida ssp. alba, Cola nitida ssp. rubra A. Chev, and Cola acuminata Schott. Endl. and their antioxidant capacity.. Agric. Food Chem. 55(24) 9824-9828. 

Osim, E.E., and P.M. Udia. 1993. Effects of consuming a kola nut (Cola nitida) diet on mean arterial pressure in rats. Int. J. Pharmacogn. 31(3) 193-197. 

Angelica sinensis root Atropa belladonna leaf Camellia sinensis leaf, stem Citrus X aurantium fruit Coffea arabica roasted seed kernel Cola acuminata seed Cola nitida seed Digitalis purpurea leaf Digitalis lanata leaf... 

Caffeine is also found in tea leaves from Camellia sinensis (up to 5 %) and in the seeds of cola nuts (Cola nitida, up to 2 %). Mat6 (Paraguay tea. Ilex para-guariensis, with 0.3-1.5%) and the seeds of the cocoa plant (Theobroma cacao, with 0.05%) show a significantly lower content. The main alkaloid in cocoa beans is theobromine. 

Caffeine is found in a number of botanically unrelated species, including Coffea arabica (Rubiaceae), Camellia sinensis (Theaceae), or tea. Cola nitida (Sterculaciaceae), or kola nut, and Paullinia cupana (Sapindaceae), or guarana. Caffeine is bound to chlorogenic acid in raw coffee beans, the roasting process liberating the caffeine and other compounds that contribute to the aroma of coffee (Samuelsson 1992). 

These are also considered as lemonades (particularly in Europe). The most popular are the cola drinks, which contain extracts from the cola nut Cola nitida) or aromatic extracts from ginger, orange blossoms, carob and tonka beans or lime peels. Caffeine is often added (6.5-25 mg/100 ml). Phosphoric acid is sometimes used as an acidulant (70 mg/100 ml). The sugar content of cola drinks averages 10-11%. The deep-brown color of the drink is adjusted with caramel. 

Others, like the kola nut (Cola acuminata and Cola nitida), while there are small amounts in cocoa beans. 

Food. Coca extract, from which cocaine is removed, is used together with extracts of kola Cola nitida), cinnamon, ginger, lime, orange peel, and others as a flavor component in cola drinks average maximum use level is reported to be 0.02%. Other food products in which the decocainized extract is used include alcoholic beverages, frozen dairy desserts, and candy. The highest average maximum use level is... 

Cola nitida is cultivated extensively in the tropics (e.g., Jamaica, Brazil, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia) and is the major source of commercial kola nuts its nuts are larger than those from C. acuminata. 

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