Cobalt chloride-oxygen

It was shown that dibenzothiophene oxide 17 is inert to 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydro nicotinamide (BNAH) but that, in the presence of catalytic amounts of metalloporphyrin, 17 is reduced quantitatively by BNAH. From experimental results with different catalysts [meso-tetraphenylporphinato iron(III) chloride (TPPFeCI) being the best] and a series of substituted sulfoxides, Oae and coworkers suggest an initial SET from BNAH to Fe followed by a second SET from the catalyst to the sulfoxide. The results are also consistent with an initial coordination of the substrate to Fe , thus weakening the sulfur-oxygen bond in a way reminiscent of the reduction of sulfoxides with sodium borohydride in the presence of catalytic amounts of cobalt chloride . ... 

In this way the dissociable chlorine atoms are represented united directly to cobalt, and hence there is no difference between these chlorine atoms and chlorine atoms in cobaltous chloride. The chlorine atom not dissociable is included in the centre shell round the cobalt atom. This shell around the metal is compared to the water molecules associated with some metallic ions which retard their mobility, the complex moving as a whole through a solution. These associated molecules, it is suggested, take the form of shells of water around the atom, the molecules being linked together by oxygen atoms. In the ease of trichloro-triammino-cobalt all the chlorine atoms arc within the shell and the substance is a non-electrolyte. Three different formula are possible, none of which will ionise in solution, viz. ... 

O. L. Erdmann reported potassium cobaltous tetranitrite, K2Co(N02)4, or 6K0H.3Co3(N02)2, to be separated as a yellow crystalline powder when soln. of cobaltous chloride and an excess of potassium nitrite are mixed. No oxygen is absorbed from the air during its formation, and O. L. Erdmann, and S. P. Sadtler used an atm. of carbon dioxide. The salt was also prepared by A. Stromeyer, and C. D. Braun. The salt is insoluble in cold water, but soluble in hot water, forming a red soln. It forms a violet soln. if potassium acetate is present, containing cobaltous salts. The salt decomposes when heated. C. D. Braun said that cobaltic hydroxide is precipitated when the soln. is boiled with potash-lye. 0. L. Erdmann said that the cobalt is not contained in the salts as a base in the... 

A crystalline form of this oxide results when cobalt chloride or a mixture of this and ammonium chloride is heated in air or oxygen, microscopic octahedra possessed of metallic lustre being obtained.7... 

Other experimental reproductive effects. A skin and severe eye irritant. A narcotic. Human mutation data reported. A common air contaminant. Highly flammable liquid. NCxmres of 30-60% of the vapor in air ignite above 100°. It can react violently with acid anhydrides, alcohols, ketones, phenols, NH3, HCN, H2S, halogens, P, isocyanates, strong alkalies, and amines. Reactions with cobalt chloride, mercury(II) chlorate, or mercury(II) perchlorate form violendy in the presence of traces of metals or acids. Reaction with oxygen may lead to detonation. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes. 

The renal cytochrome P-450 enzyme system is involved in oxidative reactions in which an atom of molecular oxygen is inserted in an organic molecule. The flavoprotein NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase is an essential component of the mixed-function oxidase systems (MFO). Microsomal membranes appear to be particularly subject to attack by reactive oxygen radicals due to their high content of unsaturated fatty acids and the presence of the cytochrome P-450 system [40]. Cephaloridine-induced peroxidation of membrane lipids is decreased by the cytochrome P-450 inhibitor cobalt chloride [31], suggesting a role for a cytochrome P-450 reductase in the P-lactam-induced generation of reactive oxygen species and subsequent peroxidation products. 

Fandrey J, Frede S, Ehleben W, Porwol T, Acker H, et al. 1997. Cobalt chloride and desferrioxamine antagonize the inhibition of erythropoietin production by reactive oxygen species. Kidney Int 51 492-496. 

ESTANO (Spanish) (7440-31-5) Finely divided material is combustible and forms explosive mixture with air. Contact with moisture in air forms tin dioxide. Violent reaction with strong acids, strong oxidizers, ammonium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, bis-o-azido benzoyl peroxide, bromates, bromine, bromine pentafluoride, bromine trifluoride, bromine azide, cadmium, carbon tetrachloride, chlorine, chlorine monofluoride, chlorine nitrate, chlorine pentafluoride, chlorites, copper(II) nitrate, fluorine, hydriodic acid, dimethylarsinic acid, ni-trosyl fluoride, oxygen difluoride, perchlorates, perchloroethylene, potassium dioxide, phosphorus pentoxide, sulfur, sulfur dichloride. Reacts with alkalis, forming flammable hydrogen gas. Incompatible with arsenic compounds, azochloramide, benzene diazonium-4-sulfonate, benzyl chloride, chloric acid, cobalt chloride, copper oxide, 3,3 -dichloro-4,4 -diamin-odiphenylmethane, hexafluorobenzene, hydrazinium nitrate, glicidol, iodine heptafluoride, iodine monochloride, iodine pentafluoride, lead monoxide, mercuric oxide, nitryl fluoride, peroxyformic acid, phosphorus, phosphorus trichloride, tellurium, turpentine, sodium acetylide, sodium peroxide, titanium dioxide. Contact with acetaldehyde may cause polymerization. May form explosive compounds with hexachloroethane, pentachloroethane, picric acid, potassium iodate, potassium peroxide, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-1,3,5-triol. 

Precipitation or coprecipitation methods are also often used. Suh et al. [40] analyzed the effect of the oxygen surface functionalities of carbon supports on the properties of Pd/C catalysts prepared by the alkali-assisted precipitation of palladium chloride on carbon supports, followed by liquid-phase reduction of the hydrolyzed salt with a saturated solution of formaldehyde. They observed that the metal dispersion increased with increasing amount of oxygen surface groups. Nitta et al. [41] also used a deposition-precipitation method, with sodium carbonate and cobalt chloride or nitrate, to prepare carbon-supported Co catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of acrolein. 

CoBALTOus Chloride System. Cobaltous chloride (4.25 grams) was added to an aqueous solution of potassium cyanide (6.9 grams), containing anisole (2 ml.) and cooled to 0°C. Oxygen was passed through the solution for 45 minutes. The experiment was repeated except that the anisole was added after 15 minutes. Under both conditions little hydroxylation occurred the main product was phenol. 

Anisole treated with an aqueous solution of cobaltous chloride and potassium cyanide in the presence of oxygen gave negligible amounts of methoxyphenols. 

Fig. 3. XPS oxygen photopeak ion milling depth profile of cobalt chloride modified BTDA-ODA polyimide.

The reactions of tris(methylsilyl) phosphine illustrate some of the properties of the P-Si bond in this type of compound (Figure 9.9). The bond is cleaved by water, oxygen, alkyl iodides, cobalt chloride and so forth. With diphenyldichlorosilane, long-chain polymeric material is formed (9.196a). Phosphines with only two Si atoms attached to P are known (9.196b) [17]. 

Other papers on thioxanthene derivatives deal with the methylation, on sulphur and sulphoxide-oxygen respectively, of thioxanthene and thio-xanthone sulphoxide, the Beckmann rearrangement of thioxanthone oxime, and the quantitative reduction of thioxanthene sulphoxide to thioxanthene with sodimn borohydride-cobalt chloride, a reagent which appears to be of fairly neral applicability. ... 

FIGU RE 6.4 Kinetics of oxygen consumption of polyethylene containing 10 to 10 mol/mol PE of cobalt stearate (1), cobalt chloride (2), cobalt oxide C03O4 (3), cobalt sulfate C0SO4 (4), metallic cobalt (5), and PE without filler (6). 

---