Calcium coating

For electrical insulation china clay is commonly employed whilst various calcium carbonates (whiting, ground limestone, precipitated calcium carbonate, and coated calcium carbonate) are used for general purpose work. Also occasionally employed are talc, light magnesium carbonate, barytes (barium sulphate) and the silicas and silicates. For flooring applications asbestos has been an important filler. The effect of fillers on some properties of plasticised PVC are shown in Figure 12.21 (a-d). 

The adsorption of gas onto a solid surface can also be used to estimate surface energy. Both inverse gas chromatography (IGC) and isotherm measurement using the BET method [19] have been used. Further discussion and detailed references are given by Lucic et al. [20] who compare the application of IGC, BET and contact angle methods for characterising the surface energies of stearate-coated calcium carbonate fillers. 

Samples for infra-red absorption measurement were introduced between two rubbed nylon coated calcium fluoride substrates spaced 10 pm apart. To insure proper parallel alignment, samples were cooled at 0.02° C/minute from the isotropic to the Smectic C phase. The alignment was then checked using polarizing microscopy. Polarized IR spectra (32 scans per spectrum) were obtained using an FTIR spectrometer (IFS-66 Bruker, Pillerica, MA) equipped with a wire grid polarizer at a resolution of 2 cm"1. 

Decker, S.P. Characterization and reactivity of calcium oxide and iron oxide coated — calcium oxide nanocrystals. Ph.D. thesis. Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1998. 

Xing, L., Dawei, C., Liping, X., and Rongqing, Z. Oral colon-specific drug delivery for bee venom peptide Development of a coated calcium alginate gel beads-entrapped liposome. J. Contr. Rel. 93 293—300, 2003. 

Brown JQ, Srivastava R, McShane MJ. Encapsulation of glucose oxidase and an oxygen-quenched fluorophore in polyelectrolyte-coated calcium alginate microspheres as optical glucose sensor systems. Biosensors Bioelectronics 2005, 21, 212-216. 

Lee, J.S., Cha, D.S., and Park, H.J. (2004). Survival of freeze-dried Lactobacillus bulgaricus KFRI 673 in chitosan-coated calcium alginate microparticles. J. Agric. Food Chem. 52, 7300-7305. 

Nevertheless, with regard to filler treatment and limestone impregnation, it is still considered difficult to coat calcium carbonate with silicone. As shown in Table 1, the commercial monomeric silanes that are used for coating the surfaces of fillers nowadays are not effective for coating calcite [19, 20, 21]. The idea that the production of a silicone-coated surface is difficult may result from the misconception that attachment of high silicone polymers to calcium carbonate is equally problematic. The issue of attachment of silicone to the mineral surfaces has still not been finally resolved [62]. 

Calcium (Titanium, Zirconium) Orthophosphate Coatings Calcium (titanium, zirconium) orthophosphate ceramics display solubility in SBF at least 1 order of magnitude lower than that of other calcium orthophosphates including hydroxyapatite and, in particular [3-TCP and TTCP (Figure 4.20). Such very stable implant coatings may be utilised in special cases when during an endoprosthetic... 

WfamofiL pClResins] Precipitated stearate-coat calcium carbonate filler, impact modifier, processing aid for theinKq>lastics and pauns. 

WinnofiL [ICI Resins] Precipitated stearate-coated calcium carbonate filler, inquict modifier, processing aid for tham(q>lastics and patnis. 

More recently, Kotek at al. studied the effects of untreated (denoted as Cl) and stearate-treated calcium carbonate particles (denoted as C2) of 1.3 p.m on the tensile properties of P-PP. Moreover, stearate-coated calcium carbonate particles of 0.075 p,m (denoted as C3) are also used (44). The p-nucleating agent employed is based on an amide of dicarboxylic acid. The critical concentration of p-nucleator needed to achieve 61% P-PP is 0.03 wt% on the basis of the XRD analysis. With further increase in the p-nucleator content to 0.1 wt% (supercritical), the p-PP content increases, but very slightly, to 65%. Furthermore, the K value also depends... 

Kakizawa Y, Furukawa S, Kataoka K (2004). Block copolymer-coated calcium phosphate nanoparticles sensing intracellular environment for oligodeoxynucleotide and siRNA delivery./. Control. Rel. 97(2) 345-356. 

Stearic acid coated calcium carbonate (Multiflex SC) 17.5... 

Lamberti, F. V, Sefton, M. V. Microencapsulation of erythrocytes in eudragit-RL-coated calcium alginate. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 795(1983) 81-91. 

Maestrelli, F., Cirri, M., Corti, G., Mennini, N., and Mura, P. Development of enteric-coated calcium pectinate microspheres intended for colonic drug delivery. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 69(2) (2008) 508-518. 

Chert). Descrip. Stearate-coated calcium carbonate Uses Filler for water-based coatings and inks, paper, paper coatings, thermosets (glass-reinforced polyester), thermoplastics (PP, ABS), PVC pipe, siding, profiles, extrusion, film, sheeting, color cones., paint (gloss, semigloss, flat latex)... 

Chem. Descrip. Hollow composite microspheres (shell acrylonitrile copolymer coating calcium carbonate)... 

Chem. Descrip. Coated calcium carbonate CAS 471-34-1 EINECS/ELINCS 207-439-9 Uses Filler in plastics (PVCplastisols, automotive underseals, polyolefin moldings and film), paints (matte paints, primers, anticorrosion paints) Features Very low absorp. inc. load ability in masterbatches Properties Wh. microctyst. rhombohedral powd. fineness 24% < 2 p dens. 2.7 g/cm bulk dens. 1.4 g/cm (packed) oil absorp. 13/100 g powd. brightness 96% ref. index 1.59 pH 9 hardness (Mohs) 3 Micro-Cel T-38 [Celite]... 

Diatomaceous earth Magnesium oxide Pyrophyllite Quartz Silica, hydrated Sodium silicate Sodium silicoaluminate Terpene resin Wollastonite Xanthan gum extender, paints/coatings Calcium carbonate Kaolin extender, paper Calcium sulfate dihydrate extender, paper coatings Wollastonite extender, paper sizing Kaolin Xanthan gum extender, paperboard Wood flour... 

PEG-45M PEG-12 ricinoleate PEG-2 stearate Potassium oleic sulfate Stearyl/aminopropyl methicone copolymer Sulfated butyl tallate Sulfated rapeseed oil Sulfated tall oil, potassium salt Sulfated tall oil, sodium salt Synthetic wax Xanthan gum lubricant, paper coatings Calcium stearate lubricant, papermaking PEG-14M... 

---