Rubbed Nylon

Samples for infra-red absorption measurement were introduced between two rubbed nylon coated calcium fluoride substrates spaced 10 pm apart. To insure proper parallel alignment, samples were cooled at 0.02° C/minute from the isotropic to the Smectic C phase. The alignment was then checked using polarizing microscopy. Polarized IR spectra (32 scans per spectrum) were obtained using an FTIR spectrometer (IFS-66 Bruker, Pillerica, MA) equipped with a wire grid polarizer at a resolution of 2 cm"1. 

Table 4.2. Comparison of anchoring energy coefficients of 4-n-pentyI-4 -cyanobiphenyl (5CB) at T = 32° C and 4-n-octyl-4-cyanobiphenyl (8CB) at T = 37° C on rubbed Nylon and photosensitive poly-(vinyl)-cinnamate. Different anchoring coefficients on rubbed Nylon are achieved by different rubbing strengths.

Fig. 4.7. Relaxation time r for the fundamental twist fluctuation mode dots) as a function of sample thickness d. The aligning layer was rubbed Nylon, the liquid crystal was 4-n-pentyl-4 -cyanobiphenyl (5CB) in the nematic phase (T = 32° C). Comparison between the best fit of the theoretically derived equation (solid line) and the best fit assuming infinite anchoring strength (dashed line) is made [32].

Fig. 4.12. (a) Temperature dependence of azimuthal Wtp dots) and zenithal Wo (squares) anchoring coefficients for nematic 5CB on rubbed Nylon with Tni being the transition temperature into the isotropic phase (b) A comparison of the ratios of the two anchoring coefficients W jW p (circles) with the ratio of the corresponding Frank elastic constants KijK2 [Q5](solid line) [64]. 

A typical measured autocorrelation function of the dynamically scattered light is shown in Fig. 4.5. It was obtained by using a nematic liquid crystal 4-n-pentyl-4 -cyanobiphenyl (5CB) and rubbed Nylon as aligning layer at a cell thickness of 2 qm [8]. The dots show the measured curve and the solid line the stretched exponential fit (4.20). The amplitude of the shows that the measurement was performed in a heterodyne regime as the intensity of the light scattered by fluctuations was fairly small. Therefore the characteristic... 

Fig. 4.6 Orientational fluctuation relaxation time as a function of sample thickness for nematic liquid crystal 5CB on rubbed Nylon with strong anchoring at the boundaries. The squares are the measured data and the solid line best fit of the parabolic approximation. Reprinted with permission from [8]. Copyright by the American Physical Society...

Materials which reduce the friction of mouldings and other finished products when these are rubbed against adjacent materials which may or may not be of the same composition. The most well-known examples here are graphite and molybdenum disulphide used in quantities of the order of 1-2% in nylons and other thermoplastics used in gear and bearing applications. 

The widespread use of liquid crystals for displays in digital watches, pocket calculators, and computer screens hinges on the fact that the orientation of liquid-crystal molecules is extremely sensitive to the presence of small electric fields and to the nature of nearby surfaces. As shown schematically in Figure 10.31, a typical liquid-crystal display (LCD) contains a thin layer of nematic liquid-crystal molecules sandwiched between two glass sheets that have been rubbed in different directions with a thin nylon brush and then layered with tiny transparent electrode strips made of indium/tin oxide. The outside of each glass sheet is coated... 

Comb your hair with a nylon comb. If you don t have a comb, you can also rub your head with an inflated latex balloon instead. As you rub the comb or balloon to your head, it builds up an electric charge on the object due to the movement of electrons between the object and your head. 

Fig. 15.3 Preparation of GnRHa implants and implantation of captive-reared bluefin tuna, (a) The two GnRHa implants (im) were attached to a polyethylene arrowhead (A) via a 0.5 mm nylon monofilament, followed by 10 mm reporter-spacer (sp), a 10-15 cm pink tag (tag), and a three colour individual identification code (cod), (b) In the second year experiment (2005), a modification was made to the implant assembly with the addition of a metal, conical leader (C) and disc stopper (D) around the implants (im), in order to prevent them from rubbing against the skin and muscle block of the fish during insertion, and being pushed over the tubing, (c) The arrowhead was fitted to a specially prepared spear and was administered to the fish using a spear gun. (d) The implant was administered at the posterior part of the tail (arrows) and the success of the implantation procedure was first evaluated by the diver, after visually examining if the reporter-spacer was inside the fish (Mylonas et at., 2007). Reprinted with permission from Taylor and...

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