Coastal wetlands

Tidal freshwater marshes are typically found upstream of estuaries. Water levels in these ecosystems are influenced by tides. These marshes are characterized by emergent macrophytes that are not tolerant to salinity. Vegetation diversity is typically high, with common species including cattails, pickerel weed, wild rice, arrowhead, and others. 

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Bishop CA, Lean DR, Brooks RJ, Carey JH, Ng P. 1995b. Chlorinated hydrocarbons in early life stages of the common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina serpentina) from a coastal wetland on Lake Ontario, Canada. Environ Toxicol Chem 14 421 26. 

The landlocked Caspian Sea is the largest inland body of water on Earth. Surrounded by Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan, the Caspian Sea is home to myriad ecosystems. At the meeting point of the Middle East, Europe, and Asia, the Caspian region includes steppe land in the north, cold, continental deserts and semi-deserts in the northeast and east, and warmer mountain and highland systems in the south and southwest. The coastal wetlands of the Caspian basin include many shallow, saline pools, which attract a variety of bird life and biodiversity over 400 species are unique to the Caspian. In addition, the sea s native sturgeon is famous the world around for the roe it produces sturgeon from the Caspian Sea accounts for approximately 90% of the world s caviar industry. 

Cummings DE, Archer KF, Arriola DJ et al (2011) Broad dissemination of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in sediments of two urban coastal wetlands. Environ Sci Technol... 

Otte, M. L. (1991). Contamination of coastal wetlands with heavy metals factors affecting uptake of heavy metals by salt marsh plants. In Ecological Responses to Environmental Stresses, ed. J. Rozema J. A. C. Verkleij, pp. 126-33. London Kluwer Academic. Peters, R. W. Shem, L. (1992). Use of chelating agents for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil. In Environmental Remediation, ed. American Chemical Society, pp. 70-84. Washington, D.C. American Chemical Society. 

Fig. 2. Rates of coastal wetland loss in the United States. From Gosselink and Baumann (1980).

Jackson, C., C. Foreman, and R. L. Sinsabaugh. 1995. Microbial enzyme activities as indicators of organic matter processing rates in a Lake Erie coastal wetland. Freshwater Biology 34 329-342. 

Coastal wetlands have long been noted for their relatively high emission of volatile sulfur gases to the atmosphere indeed the typical odor of marshes often is due largely to DMS. Several studies have reported emissions of DMS, H2S, and other sulfur compounds, dimethyldisulfide, carbonyl sulfide, and carbon disulfide (10-12.40-42). DMS and H2S constitute the bulk of the flux, with DMS predominating in vegetated areas and H2S in mud flats. Fluxes of DMS... 

Kwak, T.J., and Zedler, J. (1997) Food web analysis of southern California coastal wetlands using multiple stable isotopes. Oecologia 110, 262-277. 

Tornqvist, T.E., and Gonzalez, J.L. (2002) Reconstructing background rates of sea-level rise as a tool for forecasting coastal wetland loss, Mississippi Delta. EOS 83, 530-531. 

Turner, R.E. (1990) Landscape development and coastal wetland loss in the northern central Gulf of Mexico. Am. Zool. 30, 89-105. 

There may be waters that are more saline than brackish water, containing much higher concentrations of TDS. Such a high salt concentration may be toxic to plants, inhibit biological activity, or accumulate in plants, placing their consumers at risk. This water is found either as superficial water in saline lakes, in saline marshes, or in estuaries where there has been river drainage dilution, in coastal wetlands, or as saline groundwater. 

Morris,., and Bradley, P. (1999). Effects of nutrient loading on the carbon balance of coastal wetland sediments. Limnol. Oceanogr. 44, 699-702. 

Nutfle, W., and Harvey,. W. (1995). Fluxes of water and solute in a coastal wetland sediment. I. The contribution of regional groundwater discharge. J. Hydro 164, 89—107. 

Patrick, W. H., r., and DeLaune, R. D. (1977). Chemical and biological redox systems affecting nutrient availability in coastal wetlands. Geosci. Man. 19, 131—137. 

Zalidis G. (1998) Management of river water for irrigation to mitigate soil saUnization on a coastal wetland. J. Environ. Manage. 54, 161—167. 

Mangrove forests provides critical nursery habitat for various commercially important species of tropical fish and invertebrates, such as shrimp. These coastal wetlands also provide important habitat for a wide range of non-economic species of wildlife. 

Groundwater discharge of the short-lived radium isotopes 223Ra and 224Ra from coastal wetlands has actually proven useful to scientists who model flow rates through sediments. Measurements of isotopic ratios can provide information on vertical transport of the groundwater in shallow bays and other marshy wetlands. 

Coastal wetlands are generally considered to be sinks for waterborne particulate matter (Meade, 1972). Sediment storage areas such as mudflats and channels, however, often fail to show stratification, perhaps because these deposits tend to be uniformly fine-grained and/or intensely biotur-bated (Ellis, 1%2 Rhoads, 1967). In addition, their susceptibility to cycles of erosion and deposition severely limits their scope as historical repositories. Sediment incorporated within the peat matrix, however, is relatively well protected from physical disturbance and, therefore, its depth distribution may reflect historical sediment-generating processes in the environment. 

Stoyneva M., (1997), Investigation on the Phytoplankton in the Shabla and Ezerets Lakes and in the Shabla Touzla, Report on the Project Northern Coastal Wetlands , Varna, 80-89, (in Bulgarian). 

Jarosite Sulfates Add sulfate soils mine overburden, coastal wetlands C Product of pyrite oxidation resulting in large production of acidity and toxic metals... 

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