Enzymes microbial

Enzymatic desizing is one of the oldest nonfood appHcations of commercial amylases. Another type of enzyme, microbial ceUulases, has developed within the textile iadustry as a tool for fabric finishing, ia particular for denim garment finishing. CeUulases can achieve the fashionable worn look traditionaUy obtained by the abrasive action of pumice stones, ie, stone-washing. 

The strength of cell walls differs among bacteria, yeasts, and molds. The strength also varies with the species and the growth conditions, and must Be determined experimentally. Beads of 0.5 mm are typically used for yeast and bacteria. Recommended bead charge is 85 percent for 0.5 mm beads, and 80 percent for 1 mm beads [Schuette et al.. Enzyme Microbial Technology, 5, 143 (1983)]. 

The bioreactor is the heart of any biochemical process in which enzymes, microbial, mammalian or plant cell systems are used for manufacture of a wide range of useful biological products. The performance of any bioreactor depends on many functions, such as those listed below ... 

Vachoud L, Chen TH, Payne GF, Vazquez-Duhalt R (2001) Enzyme Microbial Technol... 

Normally, fermentation processes can be classified depending on the objective of study. For example, in terms of products fermentation is divided into 4 types, namely, microbial cell, microbial enzyme, microbial metabolite and transformation process. If considering due to its contaminating conditions, it will be classified into 3 types septic, semi-septic and aseptic fermentation. However, in general, the fermentation processed are classified into 3 types as follows. 

Prenosil, J.E., Hegglin, M., Baumann, T.W., Frischkneechtt, P.M., Kappeler, A.W., Brodeliuss.P.. and Haldimann,D., Purine alkaloid producing cell cultures fundamental aspects and possible applications in biotechnology, Enzyme Microbial. Technol., 9,450,1987. 

Lucas MS, Amaral C, Sampaio A, Peres JA, Dias AA (2006) Biodegradation of the diazo dye Reactive Black 5 by a wild isolate of Candida oleophila. Enzyme Microbial Technol 39 51-55... 

Biocatalysts Enzymes Microbial, plant, animal cells Sub-cellular organelles... 

Favre-Bulle, O. Witholt, B. Enzyme Microbial Technol, 1992, 14, 931-937. 

Kargi, E., Pamukoglu, M.Y. 2004b. Repeated fed-batch biological treatment of pre-treated landfill leachate by powdered activated carbon addition. Enzyme Microbial Technol 34 422 28. 

Bahar, T. and Gelebi, S.S., Performance of immobilized glucoamylase in a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed reactor (MSFBR), Enzyme Microbial Tech., 26 (2000) 28-33. 

Roy, I. and Gupta, M.N., Hydrolysis of starch by a mixture of glucoamylase and pullulanase entrapped individually in calcium alginate beads, Enzyme Microbial Tech., 34 (2004) 26-32. 

Rakels, J.L.L., Paffen, H.T., Straathof, A.J.J. and Heijnen, J.J. (1994) Comparison of enzymatic kinetic resolution in a batch reactor and a CSTR. Enzyme Microbial Technology, 16,791-794. 

Straathof, A.J.J. andJongejan, J.A. (1997) The enantiomeric ratio—origin, determination and prediction. Enzyme Microbial Technology, 21, 559-571. 

M. Cantarella, L. Cantarella, F. Alfani, Enzym. Microbial Technol. 1991,13, 547-553. 

Sanglard, D., Leisola, M. S. A. Fiechter, A. (1986). Role of extracellular ligninases in biodegradation of benzo[a]pyrene by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Enzyme Microbial Technology, 8, 209-12. 

Hammel, K. E. Moen, M. A. (1991). Depolymerization of a synthetic lignin in vitro by lignin peroxidase. Enzyme Microbial Technology, 13, 15-18. 

Lauritsen FR, Lunding A (1998) A Study of the Bioconversion Potential of the Fungus Bjerkandera adusta with Respect to a Production of Chlorinated Aromatic Compounds. Enzyme Microbial Technol 22 459... 

S.J. Shin, H. Yamanaka, H. Endo and E. Watanabe, Development of an octopine biosensor and its application to the estimation of scallop freshness, Enzyme Microbial Technol., 23(1-2) (1998) 10-13. 

Vetter, Y. A., J. W. Deming, P. A. Jumars, and B. B. Krieger-Brockett. 1998. A predictive model of bacterial foraging by means of freely released extracellular enzymes. Microbial Ecology 36 75-92. 

Gramss, G., Ziegenhagen, C., and Sorge, S. (1999). Degradation of soil humic extract by wood-and soil-associated fungi, bacteria and commercial enzymes. Microbial Ecol. 37,140-151. 

RL Hanson, JM Howell, TL LaPorte, MJ Donovan, DL Cazzulino, V Zannella, MA Montana, VB Nanduri, SR Schwarz, RF Eiring, SC Durand, JM Wasylyk, WL Parker, LJ Szarka, RN Patel. Synthesis of allysine ethylene acetal using phenylalanine dehydrogenase from Thermoactinomyces intermedins. Enzyme Microbial Technol 26 348-358, 1999. 

Harris CM, Todd RW, Bungard SJ, Lovitt RW, Morris JG, Kell DB (1987) Enzyme Microbial Technol 9 181... 

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