Physical disturbance

More than a century ago Claude Bernard speculated that the milieu interne must be maintained to preserve life (B17). Later, Walter Cannon indicated that physical disturbances could elicit a coordinative response of the organism to keep homeostasis (C7). The stress concept of Hans Selye noted that these stimuli that disturbed the physical integrity of the organism resulted in a general adaptation... 

All of the control schemes mentioned previously can be accomplished using digital control or the traditional analog control methods. For many processes there is at present no economic justification for a digital control system if only physical disturbances are to be considered. One exception to this is a multiproduct batch processing plant, in which a number of operations are required. 

Robinson CT, Rushforth SR (1987) Effects of physical disturbance and canopy cover on attached diatom community structure in an Idaho stream. Hydrobiologia 154 49... 

Adding inhibitor or initiator to create the non-steady state also introduces a physical disturbance of the system, owing to differences in temperature and/or in content of dissolved gas. These effects were minimized by adding microliter quantities of solutions only. 

A screening battery to evaluate the general physical condition of the patient is outlined in Table1-3. Supplementary lab and diagnostic tests may be required when specific clues from the history, physical examination, or initial lab screen suggest a physical disturbance ( Table 1-4). Finally, Table1-5 lists tests often used for specific clinical circumstances. 

To paraphrase William Osier, If you know alcoholism, you know all of medicine. This observation is particularly pertinent given alcohol s myriad neuropsychiatric manifestations, co-morbid mental disturbances, and complicating medical conditions. The interaction between alcohol and its related physical disturbances requires the careful use of various psychotropics to safely detoxify patients and to help prevent more serious medical or emotional complications. The use of BZDs should only... 

EXTENSIONS AND COMMENTARY There is a considerable parallel between 2C-T-2 and 2C-T-7, and both have proven to be excellent tools for introspection. The differences are largely physical. With 2C-T-2, there is more of a tendency to have physical disturbances such as nausea and diarrhea. And the experience is distincdy shorter. With 2C-T-7, physical disturbances are less common, but you are into the effects for almost twice as long. Both have been frequently used in therapy as follow-ups to MDMA. 

Many of the reports of MEM effects have been with experiments in which an effective dose of MDMA had been taken shortly earlier. There has developed a concept, embraced by a number of researchers, that the ease and quietness usually seen with the development of the MDMA experience can mitigate some of the physically disturbing symptoms sometimes seen with other psychedelics. This may be partly due to a familiar entry into a altered place, and partly due to a lessening of dosage usually required for full effects. MEM seems to have had more trials using this combination than many of the other psychedelic drugs. 

Riedel, G.F., Sanders, J.G. and Osman, R.W. (1998) The effect of biological and physical disturbances on the transport of arsenic from contaminated estuarine sediments. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 25, 693-706. 

Clifford 2000). Many metallic ore and evaporite minerals contain methane, though not in hydrate form. For instance, the Red Dog zinc ores mentioned above contain methane inclusions in association with saline inclusions. In many instances, microscopic methane and carbon-dioxide-rich fluid inclusions form clathrates within their tiny hydrous envelopes. Some salt deposits are so enriched in high-pressure free gas inclusions and/or gas hydrates that mining, crushing under boot, or other means of physical disturbance causes popping or even explosive decrepitation. 

Burrows, and transport of solute in them, may contribute to dissolution by enhancing oxic degradation of organic matter near the burrow walls. However, the situation is complex, and depending on factors such as the type of burrow wall produced, cementation rather than dissolution of carbonates may be promoted. Aller s observation that the best carbonate preservation takes place in the most physically disturbed and biologically underdeveloped environments points to the need for studies of continental shelf and slope environments where carbonate dissolution could be even more intense than that observed at the sites studied in Long Island Sound. 

There is nothing to indicate that water has a significant chemical effect on the particles. It is likely that water, in the form of rain, would substantially decrease particle population by physical disturbance. 

It is difficult to produce valid persistence data for clothing other than to say that it is our most fruitful sampling area (pocket interiors in particular). As stated previously, persistence on clothing depends on the nature of the material and the degree of physical disturbance the garment suffers. FDR will remain indefinitely on clothing if the clothing is undisturbed. 

Coral reefs are not stable, static communities living in benign environments, but rather are very dynamic ecosystems which are subject to frequent natural physical disturbance on times scales which vary from minutes to years (Furnas, 2003 Furnas... 

Bioturbation the physical disturbance of sediments by burrowing and other activities of organisms. 

Drug Dependence This is either a physical or psychological dependency on the medication. Physical dependency occurs when there is intense physical disturbance when the medication is withdrawn. Psychological dependency occurs when an emotional reliance on the medication develops. 

For chemical stressors, the exposure scenario usually involves consideration of sources, environmental transport, partitioning of the chemical among various environmental media, chemical/biological transformation or speciation processes, and identification of potential routes of exposure (e.g., ingestion). For nonchemical stressors such as water level or temperature changes or physical disturbance, the exposure scenario describes the ecological components exposed and the general temporal and spatial patterns of their co-occurrence with the stressor. For example, for habitat alterations, the exposure scenario may describe the extent and distributional... 

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