Coal Indiana

For these coals, addition of pyrite enhanced oil yields v conversion of asphaltenes and preasphaltenes, but did not affect the overall conversion of the coal to pyridine-solubles. Addition of pyrite to bituminous coals deficient in pyritic sulfur or iron increased oil yields to levels comparable to coals with naturally high concentrations of pyrite. For Ayrshire coal (Indiana VI) with 1.1% pyritic sulfur, the oil yield was 31%. Addition of 2.7% pyrite (based on coal) increased the oil yield to 50%. 

In 1991, Goodyear began working with Cadence Environmental Energy (Indiana) to market a whole tine feed system to supplement fuel for cement kilns. The system is used by several cement manufacturers. In 1992, Goodyear furnished tines for a Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) test bum at a Memphis power plant. The electric utiUty used tine-derived fuel (TDE) to supplement coal fuel in a cyclone boiler. These tests were successflil. 

Reactions of Goal Ash. Mineral matter impurities have an important effect on the utili2ation of a coal. One of the constituents of greatest concern is pyrite because of the potential for sulfur oxide generation on combustion. The highest concentrations of pyrite are associated with coal deposition under marine environments, as typified by the Illinois Basin, including parts of Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky. Additionally, the mineral matter... 

Autoclave Results - Solvent Activity Test. The initial microautoclave work was done with tetralin and methylnaphtha-lene, using Indiana V bituminous coal (Table I). Base line data is shown in Figure 4. All three tests, Kinetic, SRT, and Equilibrium, show an increase in coal conversion with an increase in the concentration of tetralin. The Equilibrium Test shows the highest coal conversion of approximately 86 wt% of the MAF coal (based on the solubility in the tetrahydrofuran) at the 50% tetralin concentration. The Kinetic Test shows lower coal conversion. The hydrogen transferred to the coal from the tetralin in the Equilibrium Test at the 50 wt% tetralin feed concentration is approximately 0.5 wt% of the MAF coal. In the Kinetic Test 50 wt% tetralin feed concentration results in a much smaller transfer at the short reaction time of 10 minutes. 

Microautoclave data was also obtained with Wilsonville Batch I solvent utilizing Indiana V coal. Batch I solvent was obtained from Wilsonville in mid-1977. Other batches of recycle solvent were received later. Batch I solvent had inspections most like the Allied 24CA Creosote Oil used for start-up at the Wilsonville Pilot Plant. Succeeding batches of solvent received by CCDC showed substantial differences, presumably due to equilibration at various operating conditions. As the Wilsonville solvent aged and became more coal derived, the solvent aromaticity decreased with an increase in such compounds as indan and related homologs. The decrease in aromaticity has also been verified by NMR. A later solvent (Batch III) also showed an increase in phenolic and a decrease in phenanthrene (anthracene) and hydrogenated phenanthrene (anthracene) type compounds. 

Figure 4. Microautoclave tests, Indiana V coal, Tetralin-methyl naphthalene mixtures (conversion vs. percent Tetralin content)...

Figure 5. Microautoclave tests, Indiana V Coal (conversion at 440°C vs. time). Batch I solvent (O), 8.7% hydrogen solvent 3/1 S/C (0), 8.9% hydrogen solvent 3/1 S/C ([J), 8.0% hydrogen solvent 3/1 S/C (A), 8.0% hydrogen...

MICROAUTOCLAVE DATA-LIGHT PHASE SRC ADD IT ION-INDIANA V COAL... 

Continuous Bench-Scale Experimentation With encouraging results obtained from microautoclave tests, experimentation emphasis moved to the bench-scale unit Here the concept of adding Light SRC to the recycle solvent on a continuous basis was tested Earlier work (j>) performed on short contact time coal liquefaction showed Indiana V coal to be out-of-solvent balance Also the operability of the continuous bench-scale SRT unit was highly dependent upon the quality of the solvent ... 

Two bituminous coals of moderate ash content were chosen for this paper to illustrate this method of determining coal-mineral association. The first sample was an Upper Freeport coal with 1.3% moisture, 9.88% ash, and 1.56% total sulfur. The second sample was an Indiana No. 3 coal having 10.5% moisture, 7.35% ash, and 4.26% total sulfur. Both coals had been precleaned at a coarse particle size, ground to minus 325 mesh (44 ym), and then separate samples were cleaned by float-sink and by froth flotation techniques, as described elsewhere [5]. Analyses of the feed coals are included in Table I. 

Table I. Analyses of Upper Freeport and Indiana No. 3 coals...

Figure 3. Distribution of selected minerals in Indiana No. 3 coal as a function of area-equivalent particle diameter (ym).

Results for the Indiana coal show a distinctly different character. The association distributions are presented in terms of bulk composition in Figures 8 and 9. In general, the mineral matter does... 

However, the coal-mineral association results for the Indiana coal, when expressed in terms of particle surface in Figures 10 and 11, again show that mineral liberation is less than when the association is considered in terms of bulk properties. But in terms of particle surface, the mineral matter in the Indiana coal appears to be a little better liberated than it is in the Upper Freeport coal. And, like the Upper Freeport sample, no preferential association or liberation of minerals is noted when the association is expressed in terms of particle surfaces. 

Analysis of coal-mineral association in samples of Upper Freeport and Indiana No. 3 coals showed significant differences in the association of minerals with the coal matrix. In terms of bulk properties, the mineral matter was generally more liberated in the Upper Freeport coal than in the Indiana No. 3 coal. Also, based on bulk properties, pyrite was found to be preferentially liberated in the Upper Freeport coal, while no such preferential liberation was observed for minerals in the Indiana No. 3 coal. For both coals, the... 

Hardy, M. A. 1981. Effects of Coal-Fly Ash Disposal on Water Quality in and around the Indiana Dunes National Lake-Shore, Indiana. Water-Resources Investigations, 81-16. USGS Indianapolis. 

Table IV. Mercury in Strip Coal from the Indiana V Coalbed, Pike County, Ind.

The samples of the Eastern Interior Region considered here are those shown in Figure 1 west of the dashed north-south line in Illinois. All these samples are from Illinois beds 5 and 6. This selection was made to obtain a series of samples located at increasing distances from the source area of the sediments. Because the sedimentary source for the Indiana and Kentucky coal areas are less certainly known (6), the samples from those areas are not considered here. Except for beryllium and vanadium, the minor element content of samples from those areas is comparable to samples from western Illinois. The beryllium content of all these coals was reported by Stadnichenko and others (8). The unusually high vanadium content of some of the southern coals of the Eastern Interior Region is discussed below. 

Figure 10 graphically shows data for the columnar samples of coal bed 5 of Illinois and its correlative in Indiana and Kentucky. The thicknesses of the beds at the localities sampled and of the top (block 1), the adjacent blocks, and the bottom blocks are also shown. The sizes of the blocks of the central portions of the columns are not shown. Data for vanadium, chromium, and nickel from these sections of the bed are shown in Table II. Samples 1-12 contain normal amounts of vanadium samples 13-19 contain large amounts of vanadium in the top part. 

There are over 40 aquifers in the United States, located in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Minnesota, Missouri, Utah, and Washington. Three unusual reservoirs have been developed an abandoned coal mine in Colorado and salt domes in Michigan and Mississippi. 

Cannel Coal, A variety of soft or bituminous coal, sufficiently hard to be cut and polished. It is rich in volatile matter (40-60%) and bums with a clear, yel, "candle-like flame. Its d is 1.2-1.3 and heat value ca 14000 BTU. It is found in England (Lancashire) and US (Cannelburg, Indiana Jellico district, Kentucky). Has been used as a substitute for candles, as fuel in fireplaces, in metallurgy and for enriching gases obtained from other coal. Has also been used as a component of Cannel Explosives (qv)... 

USA Illinois Basin Indiana Dugger Formation Danville Member 4 samples USA Illinois Basin Indiana Petersburg Formation Springfield Coal Member 5 samples... 

USA Indiana Dugger Formation Danville Member 2 bituminous samples USA Michigan Basin Michigan 3 bituminous coals... 

Mastalerz, M., Hower, J.C., Drobniak, A. et al. (2004) From in-situ coal to fly ash a study of coal mines and power plants from Indiana. International Journal of Coal Geology, 59(3-4), 171-92. 

Mastalerz, M. and Padgett, P.L. (1999) From in situ coal to the final coal product a case study of the Danville coal member (Indiana). International Journal of Coal Geology, 41(1-2), 107-23. 

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