Kentucky coal

KENTUCKY COAL ILL6-BS COAL ILL6-MT COAL... 

Figure 18. Conversion of West Kentucky coal in various solvents...

TABLE I. ANALYSES OF WEST KENTUCKY COAL 9/14 BLENDS (2) (As-Received Basis)... 

In the solvent-refined coal pilot plant at Wilsonville, Alabama, the coal slurry is heated to reaction temperature in 3-4 minutes residence time in the preheater. The slurry is then held in the dissolver for an additional 40 minutes before it is filtered to obtain specification solvent-refined coal. By bypassing the dissolver and going directly to the filters, samples of short-contact time (SCT) SRC were produced from Illinois 6 (Monterey) and West Kentucky coals. 

Liquefaction of coals in alkylated and hydrogenated pyrenes. Table 2 shows liquefaction activity of alkylated and hydrogenated pyrenes at 370°C, respectively. Although hexylpyrene showed just the same liquefaction ability as pyrene, propylation and ethylation certainly improved the liquefaction activity of pyrene with these coals of three different ranks. It is of value to note that ethylpyrene showed LY of 80% with West-Kentucky coal, which was significantly higher than with other coals. 

Hydrogenation improved quite significantly the liquefaction activity of pyrene with these coals. The LY values with Taiheiyo and West-Kentucky coals reacted to 80%, although the value with Itmann is rather low. 

The samples of the Eastern Interior Region considered here are those shown in Figure 1 west of the dashed north-south line in Illinois. All these samples are from Illinois beds 5 and 6. This selection was made to obtain a series of samples located at increasing distances from the source area of the sediments. Because the sedimentary source for the Indiana and Kentucky coal areas are less certainly known (6), the samples from those areas are not considered here. Except for beryllium and vanadium, the minor element content of samples from those areas is comparable to samples from western Illinois. The beryllium content of all these coals was reported by Stadnichenko and others (8). The unusually high vanadium content of some of the southern coals of the Eastern Interior Region is discussed below. 

Hower, J.C., Robertson, J.D., Wong, A.S. et al. (1997) Arsenic and lead concentrations in the pond creek and fire clay coal beds, eastern Kentucky coal field. Applied Geochemistry, 12(3), 281-89. 

The yields of the reaction of maceral concentrates with pyridine and iodine show some interesting trends and are given in Table V. Unlike the results from the thermal reactions such as vacuum pyrolysis (Table IV) or short contact time liquefaction (29), the vitrinites are more reactive than the spori-nites. The inertinites are less reactive but the magnitude of the difference in the comparison with the other maceral groups from the Indiana and Kentucky coals is much less than what has been found for the yields from the thermal reactions. 

Appalachian Basin WV, PA, OH, E. KY, AL, VA, TN, MD Bituminous 98.7 Widely variable, mostly 0.5 to 5% sulfur. Large quantities of low-sulfur coal occur in the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field and the Southern Field of West Virginia. 

Western Kentucky Coal 1 lb/hr Flow Western Kentucky Coal 1 lb/hr Flow 2 lb/hr Flow Western Kentucky Coal 1 lb/hr Flow 2 lb/hr Flow Western Kentucky Coal 1 lb/hr Flow 2 lb/hr Flow... 

CKYC = Clean Western Kentucky Coal LR ASH MT S SB Ash from Liquefaction Residues Magnetite Sulfur... 

Figure 9. Pyrrhotites from autoclaves (coal only) Blacksville coal with Ht (O) Blacksville coal with synthesis gas (%) Clean Kentucky coal with H2( 3) Clean Kentucky coal with synthesis gas designated coal with synthesis gas (A)-...

Clean Kentucky Coal and Clean Kentucky Coal with Sulfur-Containing Additives. In Figure 14 are presented values tor the clean Kentucky coal with synthesis gas, and clean Kentucky coal with additives containing sulfur. The additives were present in amounts calculated to contain the same relative amount of sulfur. All of the autoclave times were one hour. The point for clean Kentucky coal (which still contains some pyrite and some magnetite (as an artifact of the cleaning process) in about a 2 1 mole ratio) and the point for thiophene lie on the pyrite-pyrrhotite equilbrium line. The... 

Figure 12. Pyrrhotites from autoclaves and reactors Clean Kentucky coal in autoclave (Q) Clean Kentucky coal in 400 Ib/d reactor (%) Vesta Shannopin pyrite as an additive (Py-VS).

J. E. Analyzing Syncrude from Western Kentucky Coal, ERDA-BERC/RI-75/12, Nov. 1975. 

COED (Char Oil Energy Development, FMC Corp.)—hydrotreated pyrolysis oil, 16.6 wt % on dry Western Kentucky coal, and < 10 cP, 900°F endpoint. 

SRC II (Solvent-Refined Coal (SRC) II, Pittsburg and Midway Coal Mining Co.)—hydroliquefaction of coal with slurry recycle, 25.3 wt % on dry Western Kentucky coal, < 10 cP 850°F endpoint. 

TABLE 9.2. Water Content Composition of Selected Sedimentation Ponds in Kentucky Coal-Mine Fields... 

Thus, there appears to be something unique about the weakly acidic phenolic materials. In addition to phenol itself, 3,5-xylenol, 2-naphthol, phenol-naphthalene (1 1). and cresylic acid all show ability to solubilize the coal. Recently, Darlage and Bailey have studied the phenol catalyzed depolymerization of a Kentucky coal (Pond Creek Seam, Pike County). (16) This coal does not depolymerize efficiently and would compare with the poorest coals tested with data shown in Table II. These authors also show that phenolic solvents in general cause solvation of coal whereas non-phenolic aromatics add to coal but do not solubilize the coal. 

Figure 1. Atomic H/C vs. O/C ratios for asphaltenes from a variety of sources (M) petroleum crude (Alberta, Cretaceous, Carboniferous, and Devonian) ( ) Middle East crude (w) North and South American crude (+) shale oil (+) oil sands and (A) liquids from Kentucky coal at 4000 psi hydrogen and West Virginia coal at (O) 4000 psi, and (U) at 2000 psi hydrogen (21)...

P6-18b The liquefaction of Kentucky Coal No. 9 was carried out in a slurry reactor [D. D. Gertenbach, R. M. Baldwin, and R, L. Bain, Ind. Eng. Ckem. Process Des. Dev., 21, 490 (1982)]. The coal particles, which were less than 200 mesh, were dissolved in a 250°C vacuum cut of recycle oil saturated with hydrogen at 400 C. Consider (he reaction sequence... 

Figure 7. Variable temperature ESR data for selected coals (V) peat, 61.2% C (w) lignite, 71.2% C (0) Adaville vitrain, 76.3% C. (A) Homestead Kentucky coal, 77.6% (o) Dorrance coal, 92.7% C (k) Ireland Mine Coal, 78.5% C, ( ) Pittsburgh vitrain, 82.6% C ( ) Lower Banner No. 2 vitrain, 86.1% C ( ) Pocohontas No. 3 vitrain, 90.0% C...

Heavy oils derived from petroleum were separated by using the method developed by the USBM-API (5) Project 60 and analyzed by means of mass spectroscopy. The procedure used for separation and characterization of petroleum heavy oil was adopted to study heavy oil from coal liquids derived from Char-Oil-Energy-Development (COED) Syncrude from Utah coal (6) and western Kentucky coal (7) and Synthoil from West Virginia coal (i, 8). 

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