Lake Michigan basin

Landis MS, Vette AF, Keeler GJ. 2002. Atmospheric mercury in the Lake Michigan Basin influence of the Chicago/Gary urban area. Environ Sci Technol 36(13) 3000-3009. 

The minimum, maximum, mean, and median m-cresol concentrations for 2 unremarked ambient surface water data points are 16.0, 23.0, 19.5, and 16.0 pg/L (STORET 1989). m-Cresol was detected with a frequency of occurrence of 0.9% in surface water (CLPSD 1988). In addition, m-cresol was listed as a contaminant of the St. Joseph River in the Lake Michigan Basin (Great Lakes Water Quality Board 1983). m-Cresol was detected in freshwater samples from Spirit Lake, Washington, on August 7, 1980 at unreported concentrations (McKnight et al. 1982). 

Chemical Considerations in Planning Pollution Induced Climate Modification in the Lake Michigan Basin. 

Pesticide Lake Erie Basin Lake Michigan Basin Lake Superior Basin Ontario... 

Source USDA/NASS 1994-1995 annual reports as summarized in http //www.epa.gov/ reg5rcra/ptb/pest/documents/pest se.pdf. Lake Erie Basin includes Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. Lake Michigan Basin includes Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin. Lake Superior Basin includes Minnesota, Michigan, and Wisconsin. Data for Ontario are for the whole province, for 1998 [26]... 

At Mono Lake, a closed basin, alkaline, saline lake in California, the concentrations of plutonium in the water column are about two orders of magnitude higher than in Lake Michigan(12). 

Location. The station investigated was located at (42° 40 N, 87° 00 W), approximately in the center of the southern basin of Lake Michigan, at a water-column depth of 160 m. The location was selected as representative of midlake conditions in the southern basin. Data from an intensive 1-year sampling program (1982-1983 average sampling interval 3 weeks) and additional data sets from cruises in 1978-1980 and 1989-1991 provided the foundation for this chapter. 

Lake Erie is the smallest and shallowest of the lakes, and it has been heavily impacted by urbanization and agriculture. Lake Erie receives runoff from agricultural areas in southwestern Ontario, northern Ohio, and southern Michigan. In addition, there are numerous metropolitan areas located in the Lake Erie basin these include Cleveland, Ohio, and Buffalo, New York. The average depth of Lake Erie is only 19 meters, and as a result, it warms rapidly in the spring and summer, and it frequently freezes over in winter. Lake Erie also has the shortest water residence time of the lakes (2.6 years), and thus, the condition of this lake can change rapidly. 

Precipitation has not been extensively investigated as an input pathway for toxaphene to the Great lakes. An early report (W. Swain cited in Rice and Evans [4]) stated that samples collected near Lake Huron in 1980-1981 had toxaphene concentrations ranging from 7-108 ngL-1. Rice and Evans [4] reported a concentration of 9 ng L-1 in a composite sample from the southeastern shore of Lake Michigan for the same period. A Great Lakes atmospheric deposition workshop proposed a basin-wide consensus concentration of 0.2ngL-1 for the period 1989-1991 based on measurements in northwestern Ontario [69]. Elsewhere, Harder et al. [70] detected toxaphene in South Car-... 

Helfrich, J., Armstrong, D., 1986. PAHs in sediments of the southern basin of Lake Michigan. J. Great Lakes Res. 12, 192-199. 

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