Clusterin

It needs to be noted that apart from expression of lipoprotein receptors, RPE itself expresses several apolipoproteins (Bartl et al., 2001 Ishida et al., 2004 Li et al., 2006 Malek et al., 2003 Tserentsoodol et al., 2006a). So far, six apolipoproteins have been identified as being expressed by the RPE, namely, apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), ApoB, ApoC-I, ApoC-II, ApoE, and ApoJ (clusterin) (Bailey et al., 2004 Bartl et al., 2001 Ishida et al., 2004 Li et al., 2006 Malek et al., 2003 Tserentsoodol et al., 2006a). In addition to their functions as lipid transporters and receptor ligands, apo-lipoproteins can act as modulators of several enzymes. The basic characteristics of apo-lipoproteins expressed by the RPE are described below. 

Sakaguchi, H, Miyagi, M, Shadrach, KG, Rayborn, ME, Crabb, JW, and Hollyfield, JG, 2002. Clusterin is present in drusen in age-related macular degeneration. Exp Eye Res 74, 547-549. 

Suuronen, T, Nuutinen, T, Ryhanen, T, Kaamiranta, K, and Salminen, A, 2007. Epigenetic regulation of clusterin/apolipoprotein J expression in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 357, 397—401. 

Wong, P, Ulyanova, T, Organisciak, DT, Bennett, S, Lakins, J, Arnold, JM, Kutty, RK, Tenniswood, M, van Veen, T, Darrow, RM, and Chader, G, 2001. Expression of multiple forms of clusterin during light-induced retinal degeneration. Curr Eye Res 23, 157-165. 

DeMattos, R.B., Cirrito, J.R., Parsadanian, M., May, P.C., O Dell, M.A., Taylor, J.W., Harmony, J.A., Aronow, B.J., Bales, K.R., Paul, S.M., and Holtzman, D.M., ApoE and clusterin cooperatively suppress abeta levels and deposition evidence that ApoE regulates extracellular abeta metabolism in vivo, Neuron, 41,193, 2004. 

Oncogenex OGX-011 Clusterin Prostate and breast cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer Phase II... 

Dia, V. P. and Mejia, E. G. (2010). Lunasin promotes apoptosis in human colon cancer cells by mitochondrial pathway activation and induction of nuclear clusterin expression. Cancer Lett, doi 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.02.010. 

Zhang L, Ymg W, Mao Y et al. Loss of clusterin both in serum and tissue correlates with the tumori-genesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via proteomics approaches. World J Gastroenterol 2003 9 650-654. 

Heparin-binding growth-associated molecule Glial hyaluronate-binding protein Clusterin... 

M. E. Gleave. 2001. Antitumor activity of antisense clusterin oligonucleotides is improved in vitro and in vivo by incorporation of 2 -0-(2-methoxy)ethyl chemistry. 

E.C. Jones, S.L. Goldenberg, J. Powers, and M.E. Gleave. 2004. A phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of OGX-011, a 2 -methoxyethyl antisense to clusterin, in patients with localized prostate cancer prior to radical prostatectomy. In 40th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, New Orleans, LA. 

Holtzman DM (2004) In vivo effects of ApoE and clusterin on amyloid-beta metabolism and... 

Danik M, Chabot JG, Michel D, Quirion R (1999) Clusterin and Apolipoprotein E Gene Expression in die Adult Brain. Ausdn RG Landes Company. 

Stored complement factors that are released upon platelet activation (Table 9.3) are C5-C9 (Houle et al, 1989), the regulatory protein for the formation of C5b-9, Vitronectin (Suzuki et al, 1987), Clusterin, a complement lysis inhibitor, present in the a-granules (Tschopp et al, 1993), also present in Ae o-granules is Cl-INH (Schmaier et al, 1985), FactorD (Kenney and Davis, 1981) and Factor H (Devine and Rosse, 1987). 

In the kidney, clusterin is a component of immune deposits and its expression is increased after ischemia or obstruction. In gentamicin-treated rats, an increase in urinary clusterin protein may provide an early sign of nephrotoxicity [336]. In rats with unilatertral ureteral obstruction, clusterin mRNA and clusterin-beta have been detected in the kidney along with clusterin-alpha in the urine [337]. A central role for glomerular clusterin as a modulator of inflammation that potentially influences the chnical outcome in human membranous glomerulonephritis has been described [338]. 

Dvergsten J, Manivel JC, Correa-Rotter R, Rosenberg ME. Expression of clusterin in human renal diseases. Kidney Int 1994 45 828-835. 

Trougakos IP, Gonos ES. Clusterin/apolipoproyein J in human aging and cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2002 34 1430-48. 

Rosenberg ME, Dvergsten J, Correa-Rotter R. Clusterin an enigmatic protein recruited by diverse stimuli. J Lab Clin Med 1993 121 205-14. 

Parczyk K, Pilarsky C, Rachel U, Koch-BrandtC.Gp80 (clusterin TRPM-2) mRNA level is enhanced in human renal clear cell carcinomas. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1994 120 186-8. 

Trougakos IP, Gonos ES. Regulation of clusterin/apolipoprotein J, a functional homologuetothe small heat shock proteins, by oxidative stress in ageing and age-related diseases. Free Radic Res. 2006 40 1324-1334. 

Takase O, Minto AW, Puri TS, Cunningham PN, Jacob A, Hayashi M, Quigg RJ. Inhibition of NF-kappaB-dependent Bcl-xL expression by clusterin promotes albumin-induced tubular cell apoptosis. Kidney Int. 2007 Dec 12. 

KurahashiT, Muramaki M, Yamanaka K, Hara I, Miyake H. Expression ofthe secreted form of clusterin protein in renal cell carcinoma as a predictor of disease extension. BJU International 2005 96 895-899. 

Ishii A, Sakai Y, Nakamura A. Molecular pathological evaluation of clusterin in a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction as a possible biomarker of nephrotoxicity. Toxicol Pathol. 2007 35 376-82. 

Saunders JR, Aminian A, McRae JL, O Farrell KA, Adam WR, Murphy BF Clusterin depletion enhances immune glomerular injury in the isolated perfused kidney. Kidney Int 45 817-27,1994... 

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