Clothing measuring

Wire - The diameter of wire used in weaving cloth measured by gauge or decimal inch. 

Water is described as hard when it contains a lot of calcium ions. While such water may be beneficial as a drink, it is not good for washing clothes. Measuring hardness might appear relatively easy and all that is needed is to analyse the amount of calcium dissolved in the water. How this information is presented is another matter, and it varies from country to country. The amount of calcium can be calculated in terms of milligrams of calcium ions per litre of water, or milligrams of calcium carbonate per litre, which might seem the most sensible because this is the source of the calcium dissolved from rocks that the water has been in contact with. 

While hecto, deka, deci, and centi are SI prefixes, their use should generally be avoided except for the SI unit-multiples for area and volume and nontechnical use of centimeter, as for body and clothing measurement. The prefix hecto should be avoided also because the longhand symbol h may be... 

Note Use of these prefixes should generally be avoided except for SI unit multiples raised to powers, such as those for area, volume, moment, etc., and for nontechnical use of centimeter as for body and clothing measurement. 

The specimen to be tested is placed between two pieces of undyed fabric measuring 5 cm by 4 cm and the three pieces are held together by stitching round the edges, leaving 5 cm x 4 cm exposed. In the case of the loose fibre the compressed mass is held in place by sewing it between pieces of cloth measuring 10 cm x 4 cm. 

Choose the proper size. Gloves that are too tight can cause fatigue and numbness. Ones that are too loose can fall off or get caught in equipment. Determine the proper size by using a cloth measuring tape to measure around the circumference of the employee s hand. Measure around the widest point of the palm. If it s 8 inches then you need a size 8 glove. (Remember actual sizes vary by manufacturer and even by different styles from the same manufacturer.)... 

A rack and frame press uses heavy nylon cloth positioned in a wooden frame inside a rack. A measured amount of apple or other fmit mash is added from a hopper above the frame. The mash is leveled with a hand trowel and the edges of the nylon cloth are folded over the mash to encase it and create a cheese. The frame is removed, and a second rack is placed on top of the first cheese the process is repeated until a stack of cheeses is prepared. A hydrauhc ram then appHes gradually increa sing pressure on the stack and expresses the juice. A high yield of juice (80%) is obtained and no press aid is required. Because this process is labor intensive (17), it is mostly used for small farm and pilot-plant operations. 

The wrinkle recovery angle provides a measure of the degree of chemical modification. This is calculated by blending a small sample and measuring the recovery to the flat configuration (180°). Whereas the untreated cotton recovers approximately 90°, the cross-linked cotton sample recovers 120—140°. If this is measured on dry fabric, it is termed conditional wrinkle recovery angle if on wet fabric, it is termed wet wrinkle recovery. At one point, wet wrinkle recovery was important, particularly in Europe. In the United States, the widespread use of clothes dryers has made conditional wrinkle recovery important. 

Air Permeability. Air permeabiUty is an important parameter for certain fabric end uses, eg, parachute fabrics, boat sails, warm clothing, rainwear, and industrial air filters. Air permeabiUty of a fabric is related to its cover, or opacity. Both of these properties are related to the amount of space between yams (or fibers in the case of nonwovens). The most common method for specifying air permeabiUty of a fabric involves measuring the air flow per unit area at a constant pressure differential between the two surfaces of the fabric. This method, suitable for measuring permeabiUty of woven, knitted, and nonwoven fabrics, is described in ASTM D737. Units for air permeabiUty measured by this method are generally abbreviated as CFM, or cubic feet per square foot per minute. 

In some cases, it may be impossible, or undesirable, to measure the amount of sod by reflectance. Sod can also be determined by extraction and weighing the cloths, or weighing the washed cloths. 

One significant development in recent years has been the widespread treatment of clothing fabrics to give a measure of water and stain resistance. Mention may also be made of the expression Teflon-coated (Teflon is the DuPont trade name for PTFE) to describe a person, usually a politician, to whom no dirt (i.e. scandal) sticks, a reflection of the non-stick characteristics of the polymer ... 

These measures should be used in preference to protective clothing)... 

The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) has introduced a number of test methods relating to protective clothing. For example, the ASTM F23 Committee on Protective Clothing has devised protocols for measuring chemical resistance of materials. There are not however, any comprehensive standards which list a minimum number of tests or chemicals to evaluate materials. 

When the p>ertincnt factors have been considered and a decision has been reached to proceed with a rescue, all reasonable protective measures should be taken by rescuers. Response personnel should use positive pressure. Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) and aveiilable protective clothing while working as quickly as possible to minimize their exposure to the toxic materials. 

In order to develop measures for removal of debris from the waste matrix, the general types of debris anticipated need to be identified. A composite list, based on debris found at 29 Superfund sites, was developed. The list includes cloth, glass, ferrous materials, nonferrous materials, metal objects, construction debris, electrical devices, wood existing in a number of different forms, rubber, plastic, paper, etc., as presented in Table 11. Similar types of debris would be expected at RCRA sites. 

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