Climate cycles

Chappellaz, ]., Barnola, J. M., Raynaud, D., Korotkevich, Y. S., and Lorius, C. (1990). Atmospheric methane record over the last climatic cycle revealed by the Vostok ice core. Nature 345,127-131. 

Jouzel, J., Lorius, J. R., Petit, C. et al. (1993). Vostok ice-core - a continuous isotope temperature record over the last climatic cycle (160000 years). Nature 329,403 08. 

Much of the variation in these time series for the past 700 kyr can be described by a combination of a 100 kyr cycle plus additional cycles with periods of 20 and 40 kyr. This result immediately suggests that the ice-age cycles are caused by variations in the amount and seasonality of solar radiation reaching the Earth (insolation), because the 20, 40, and 100 kyr periods of climate history match the periods of cyclic variations in Earth s orbit and axial tilt, line hypothesis that these factors control climate was proposed by Milutin Milankovitch in the early part of the 20th century and is widely known as "Milankovitch Theory." It is now generally accepted that the Milankovitch variations are the root cause of the important 20 and 40 kyr climate cycles. The 100 kyr cycle, however, proves to be a puzzle. The magnitude of the insolation variation at this periodicity is relatively trivial, but the 100 kyr cycle dominates the climate history of the last 700 kyr. Further,... 

There is a much better record of the last major transition from glacial to interglacial climate than for earlier portions of the climate cycles. This transition therefore provides a useful starting point for examining the character of major climate changes, though each of these may have had unique elements. 

De Angelis, M., Barkov, N. I., and Petrov, V. N. (1987). Aerosol concentration over the last climatic cycle (160 kyr) from an Antarctic ice core. Nature 235,... 

Legrand, M., Feniet-Saigne, C., Saltzman, E. S. et al. (1991). Ice core record of oceanic emissions of dimethyl sulphide during the last climate cycle. Nature 350,144-146. 

Duplessy JC, Shackleton NJ, Fairbanks RG, Labeyrie L, Oppo D, Kallel N (1988) Deepwater source variations during the last climatic cycle and their impact on the global deepwater circulation. Paleoceanography 3(3) 343-360... 

Important perspectives are connected with the paleo-environmental studies by the Paleoenvironmental Arctic Science (PARCS) community (MacDonald et al., 2001) which have the principal aim of answering the question To what extent do recent observations of climate change in the Arctic reflect natural climate cycles Relevant major topics include ... 

The average value of wood productivity (in m /ha per year) is a function of the soil characteristics, seed genetics, micro-climate, cycle of cutting, and other parameters. For the average Brazilian situation, eucalyptus industrial forests, planted in poor lands (cerrado, a type of savanna, for example) and cut every 7 years, have a production of 20 t/ha per year (50% moisture) which permits production of 5 to 7.7 tons of methanol/ha per year. 

Genthon C., Barnola J.M., Raynaud D Lorius C., Jouzel J., Barkov N.I., Korotkevich Y.S. and Kotlyakov V.M. (1987) Vostok ice core Climate response to CO2 and orbital forcing changes over the last climatic cycle. Nature 329, 414-418. 

Kienast, M. (2000). Unchanged nitrogen isotopic composition of organic matter in the South China Sea during the last climatic cycle Global implications. Paleoceanography. 15(2), 244—253. 

Mangini A., Eisenhauer A., and Walter P. (1990) Response of manganese in the ocean to the climatic cycles in the Quaternary. Paleoceanography 5, 811-821. 

Dwyer G. S., Cronin T. M., Baker P. A., Raymo M. E., Buzas J. S., and Cortege T. (1995) North Atlantic deepwater temperature change during Late Pliocene and Late Quaternary climatic cycles. Science 270, 1347-1351. 

ZhaoM., Rosell A., andEgUntonG. (1993) Comparison of two UI7 sea surface temperature records for the last climatic cycle at ODP site 658 from the sub-tropical Northeast Atlantic. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimat. Palaeoecol. 103, 57-65. 

Frumkin, A., Carmi, I., Gopher, A., Ford, D.C., Schwarez, H.P. and Tsuk, T., 1999b, A Holocene millennial-scale climatic cycle from a speleothem in Nahal Qanah Cave, Israel, Holocene 9 677-682. 

Petit, J.R. and twelve others, 1997, Four climate cycles in Vostok ice core. Nature, 387, 359. 

Pregill, G. K., and S. L. Olson. 1981. Zoogeography of West Indian vertebrates in relation to Pleistocene climatic cycles. Annual Rev. Ecol. Syst. 12 75-98. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 12 75-98. 

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