Climatic response

In evaluating the influence of individual climate controls, we have three major concerns the time frame over which the control operates, the potential magnitude of the control s influence on climate, and whether a strong correlation between some forcing phenomenon and climatic response actually indicates a cause-effect relationship. 

As much as we know about the increase in CO2, the forecast of climatic response is unclear, largely because the current changes are unprecedented. It is likely that the near-term climatic future will be affected by human activity. Understanding the response of climate to our actions will depend upon an understanding of the biogeochemical functioning of the Earth as a linked system. 

Data collected between January 2007 and March 2008 shows a seasonal climatic response in the shallow aquifer (Fig. 4a), which correlates well with the historic record. SWL in the Dilwyn aquifer varies little and T is essentially constant over the period (Fig. 4b) agreement with historic records, where they exist, is also good. Neither aquifer shows a response to significant perturbation such as the drilling of CRC-1 during February-March 2007. 

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Since both albedo and gas adsorption depend on SSA, the climate response of the concentration of species adsorbed within the snowpack will be similar to that of albedo increase in regions where warming is accompanied by a change from HGM to QIM, such as the southern taiga and the warmer Alpine areas in the fall and decrease in the other regions. These effects will be modulated by the temperature increase, that will decrease the concentration of adsorbed species. For example, a temperature rise from -15 to -10 °C will desorb 40% of adsorbed acetone molecules, that have an adsorption enthalpy of 57 kJ/mol,, at constant SSA. The combined effect of warming and SSA change will then probably lead to a decrease in the concentration of adsorbed species in most areas. 

It follows from this discussion that climate response to external forcing is rather complex and hence, as can be seen from a recent study by Le Treut and McAvaney (1999), strongly model-dependent. Figure 8 shows the equilibrium response in global surface temperature and precipitation to a doubling of CO2 for 11 different state-of-the art climate models. As can be seen, the temperature increase varies between 2.1 and 4.8 K and the pre-... 

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