Clean-up equipment

Hat ing spill clean-up equipment available in a prominent and unobstructed location in the shop... 

Circulating Fluidized Bed - A type of furnace or reactor in which the emission of sulfur compounds is lowered by the addition of crushed limestone in the fluidized bed thus obviating the need for much of the expensive stack gas clean-up equipment. The particles are collected and recirculated, after passing through a conventional bed, and cooled by boiler internals. 

An obvious advantage of partial oxidation is that only an air feed is required, apart from the fuel. This makes the system simpler because evaporation processes, as required for steam reforming, are avoided. On the other hand, the amount of carbon monoxide formed is considerably higher compared with steam reforming. This puts an additional load onto the subsequent clean-up equipment, but only where CO-sensitive fuel cells are cormected to the fuel processor. When fuels are converted by partial oxidation, some total oxidation usually takes place as an undesired side reaction [46]. In practical applications, an excess of air is fed to the system and consequently even more fuel is subject to total oxidation. The water formed by the combustion process in turn gives rise to some water-gas shift. Another typical byproduct of partial oxidation is methane, which is formed according to reaction (3.5). Coke formation is a critical issue (see Sections 4.1.1 and 4.2.11). Coke may be formed by reaction of carbon monoxide with hydrogen ... 

Concentrated virus or other hazardous agent runs—to localize the hazard to a single instrument that should be near special containment or clean-up equipment. 

Figures 14-3 14-4. This spill clean up equipment is close at hand and ready to use.

Although the clean up is much easier the yield Is about the same. For those with the correct equipment this has to be the preferred method. ... 

Equipment for Superfund Waste Shipment RCRA hazardous waste that has been spilled, improperly landfilled, or dredged from defunct lagoons is a CERCLA waste, more commonly referred to as a Superfuna waste. For clean-ups where offsite treatment is the chosen solution, soil is excavated and placed in 15-m roll-off box or dump body truck. The trucks may be lined with polyethylene to reduce... 

Clean up includes identifying, gathering, storing (when appropriate), and classifying materials associated with a specific toll. Decisions can then be made as to which raw materials, intermediates, and product will be shipped back to the client or kept by the toller. Some off-spec product, retained samples, or unused intermediates may be considered waste materials at this point. Equipment clean up can be extremely important to preserving quality and process safety integrity prior to the next production run of a new product. 

Intrinsic Steei Quaiity refers to the metallurgical and chemical properties of steel products (plate, pipe, tubes, structurals, castings, forgings) supplied to the fabricator for conversion into process equipment. Factors related to deoxidation, controlled finishing temperatures in rolling, and cleaning up of surface defects are included. 

Clean up all spillages immediately and check for pockets (e.g. in cracks and crevices) by monitoring Decontaminate equipment such as vacuum pumps and glassware prior to service/maintenance... 

Tile standard requires tlie preparer to describe tlie precautions for safe handling and use. Tliese include recommended industrial hygiene practices, precautions to be taken during repair and maintenance of equipment, and procedures for cleaning up spills and leaks. Some manufacturers also use Uiis section to include useful itiformation not specifically required by the standard, such as EPA waste disposal tnethods and state atid local requiretnents. 

Of all the requirements that have to be fulfilled by a manufacturer, starting with responsibilities and reporting relationships, warehousing practices, service contract policies, airhandUng equipment, etc., only a few of those will be touched upon here that directly relate to the analytical laboratory. Key phrases are underlined or are in italics Acceptance Criteria, Accuracy, Baseline, Calibration, Concentration range. Control samples. Data Clean-Up, Deviation, Error propagation. Error recovery. Interference, Linearity, Noise, Numerical artifact. Precision, Recovery, Reliability, Repeatability, Reproducibility, Ruggedness, Selectivity, Specifications, System Suitability, Validation. 

Fig. 4.41 (n = 12 batches) and 4.42 (n = 46 batches) depict what can and what cannot be gleaned from a detailed study of such cleaned-up tables Unless a connection is fairly obvious, such as between impurities B and C in Fig. 4.42, comparisons can resemble small-talk about the weather, in that there is always a subset of data to prove a given pet notion, and another to disprove it. Why Over the course of a few months a series of insignificant changes in raw materials (a new batch), equipment (higher-capacity steam... 

Chemical spills in the laboratory may be hazardous, damaging to flooring and furniture finishes, or simply messy to clean up. Laboratory equipment houses and distributors of safety equipment carry a variety of clean-up kits made for specific types of spills, depending on the types of chemicals handled. Generally, the kits contain absorbents or neutralizers, or a combination of the two, plus instructions for use. Kits should be stored as close as possible to where spills are likely to occur and not in a remote storeroom. Instructions must be kept with the kits, not in a file cabinet. Quick action in case of a spill is important in reducing both hazards and damage. 

The laboratory operator should establish the rules for housekeeping and set a good example for all who work there. When working on a project, he should put all reagents and equipment back into proper storage. It is a great morale builder when workers see that the boss cleans up his own mess. Besides, they will quickly come to his assistance should he be in a bind. Far too many laboratory supervisors will routinely walk away from the debris of an experiment or a test and expect others to clean it up. 

Another variation of the preceding method is to apply HPLC to fractionate the cleaned-up aliphatic-aromatic fraction from flash colurim separation of soluble organic matter as it is performed in the Chevron laboratory, for example, as described in Reference 2. A Waters HPLC system equipped with a preparative Whatman Partisil 10 silica column (9.4 X 500 mm), a HPLC pump, and two detectors for separation monitoring (a UV and refractive index detector) are used, giving three fractions of aliphatic hydrocarbons, mono-, di-, and triaromatics and polar compounds. The hrst two fractions are eluted with hexane, whereas polar compounds are eluted with... 

For some processes, though they would not be classified as batch processes, the period of continuous production will be limited by gradual changes in process conditions such as, the deactivation of catalysts or the fouling of heat-exchange surfaces. Production will be lost during the periods when the plant is shut down for catalyst renewal or equipment clean-up, and, as with batch process, there will be an optimum cycle time to give the minimum production cost. 

The primary need for gas-solid separation processes is for gas cleaning the removal of dispersed finely divided solids (dust) and liquid mists from gas streams. Process gas streams must often be cleaned up to prevent contamination of catalysts or products, and to avoid damage to equipment, such as compressors. Also, effluent gas streams must be cleaned to comply with air-pollution regulations and for reasons of hygiene, to remove toxic and other hazardous materials see IChemE (1992). 

To minimize and essentially eliminate contamination, and to liminate mix-ups, equipment, utensils, and containers are to be thoroughly cleaned and adequately stored... 

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