Choleretic activity

Choleretic activity. Acetone extract of the dried rhizome, administered intraduoden-ally to rats at a dose of 500 mg/kg, was active. The water extract was inactive, and the chromatographic fraction, at a dose of 150 mg/kg, was active . ... 

Several authors tested the choleretic activity of plant extracts and essential oils (De la Puerta et al. 1993 Peana et al. 1994 Trabace et al. 1994) and of synthetic compounds (Grella et al. 1992, Paglietti et al. 1994) in rats. 

Tripodi et al. (1993) investigated the antic-holelithogenic and choleretic activities of tauro-hyodeoxycholic acid by measurement of biliary flow and biliary solids content in rats. 

MiM S, Cohen BI, Mikami T, Mosbach EH (1993) Metabolism and choleretic activity of homochenodeoxycholic add in the hamster. J Lipid Res 34 915-921 Pesson M, Salle J, Auffret C (1959) Activites choleretique et cholagogue des derives del l acide dnnamique et de l adde a-phenylcinnamique. Arch Int Pharmacodyn 119 443—482... 

Roda A, Aldini R, Grigolo B et al. (1988) 23-Methyl-3a,7b-dihydroxy-5b-cholan-24-oic acid Dose-response study of biliary secretion in rat. Hepatol 8 1571-1576 Paglietti G, Sanna P, Carta A et al. (1994) Choleretic activity of 3-[ring substituted benzotriazol-l(2)yl]alkanoic and alkenoic adds. Farmaco 49 693-702 Peana A, Satta M, Luigi-Moretti MD, Orecchioni M (1994) A study on choleretic activity of Salvia desoleana essential oil. Planta Med 60 478 179... 

Trabace L, Avato P, Mazzoccoli M, Siro-Brigiani G (1994) Choleretic activity of Thapsia chem I, II and III in rats ... 

Ricinis communis was shown to be effective in treatment of experimental liver injury [212]. Ricinine was not found to have hepatoprotective activity [213]. /V-Demethylricinine, however, displayed dose-dependent choleretic activity, and anticholestatic and hepatoprotective activity against hepatic damage induced with paracetamol [213]. 

S. sclarea oil, administered by parenteral route in rats to obtain a stronger reaction closer to the effect produced by continued oral treatment, had a weak effect on choleretic activity and was substantially hydrocholeretic... 

The effect on bile flux could explain the efficacy of S. sclarea used in empirical treatment of some digestive disorders [41-42]. Doses of the oil higher than 250 mg/kg greatly increased the narcotic effect of urethane, used as a general anesthetic in the test of choleretic activity, leading to a deeply depressant effect on the CNS. 

Peana and Moretti [45,74] demonstrated that S. desoleana oil and some of its components possess a choleretic activity in the rat. This oil and its components at doses corresponding to the quantity contained in the oil, when administered by parenteral route (i.p.) to obtain a stronger reaction closer to the effect produced by continued oral treatment, produced a significant increase in bile volume, Fig. (1). 

Fig. (2). S. desoleana and S. sclarea oil choleretic activity after ip treatment.

Due to the choleretic activity of dandelion, caution has been suggested for persons with gallstones (Mills and Bone 2005 Schutz et al. 2006 Wichtl 2004). 

Documented effects Fruits are used as raw material for the preparation Kholosas, which has choleretic activity and is used to treat cholecystitis and hepatitis (Khalmatov et al. 1984). Extracts of the fresh fruits exhibit high anti-ulcerogenic activity in rats (Gurbuz et al. 2003). A galactolipid, which is found in this species, has been shown to possess antitumor-promoting properties, as well as anti-inflammatory effects (Larsen et al. 2003). In a clinical trial, treadnent with a standardized rose-hip powder showed significant reduction of symptoms associated with osteoarthritis (Warholm et al. 2003). 

The essential oil ofM. piperita has been used for many years as a natural carminative of the gastrointestinal tract. This effect is principally due to the antispasmodic activity of menthol, which acts as a calcium channel antagonist of the intestinal smooth muscle (Taylor et al., 1984,1985). Secondary effects include a reduction of gastrointestinal foam by peppermint oil (Harries et al., 1978) and a choleretic activity that is attributed to menthol (Rangelov et al., 1988). The reduction of intestinal hydrogen production caused by bacterial overgrowth has also been demonstrated in patients by enteric-coated peppermint oil (Logan and Beaulne, 2002). 

The first observation that phenylacetic acid derivatives cause a reduction in plasma cholesterol levels both in the rat and in man was made by Rebel and CoTTET [206] in 1954. In an extensive structure-activity relationship study of a variety of phenylsubstituted ahphatic acids, the most potent hypocholesterol-emic and choleretic agent proved to be 2-phenylbutyric acid (LXVIII) [207]. These investigators also found that the two optical antipodes of 2-phenylbutyric acid had the same h3rpocholesterolemic and choleretic activity as the racemate [208]. 

Catalytic reduction of acid LXXXV yielded the tetrahydronaphthyl analog LXXXVIII. The reduced acid has been found to possess less choleretic activity than the fully aromatic acid [256]. 

The method has been used also in the investigation of the choleretic activity of a preparation, using hot bile acids [376]. 

Human Urinary Metabolites of 3-(2, 4, 5 -Triethoxybenzoyl)propionic Acid, a New Biliary Smooth Muscle Relaxant with Choleretic Activity Xenobiotica 8(12) 737-744 (1978) CA 91 68215h... 

C -aminoalkylcarbamoyl)-4-hydroxy-l-thlocoumarin has also been reported to have fibrinolytic as well as choleretic activity but more experimental details must be given for proper assessment of this compound ... 

Dietary SupplementsfHealth Foods. Root used as a flavoring ingredient in tea formulations capsules, tincture, tablet formulations for choleretic activity leaf in tea as flavoring, bulk filler capsules, tablets, tinctures, and so on, primarily as diuretics (poster). 

The flavonoids in peppermint leaves reportedly have choleretic activity in dogs. Azulene isolated from peppermint had antiinflammatory and antiulcer effects in experimental animals. ... 

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