Choleretic agents

Therapeutic Function Choleretic agent Chemical Name 3-n-Butoxy-l-phenoxv-2-propanol Common Name —... 

Azintamide (Azinthiamide, Biloral, Oragallin, Oragal, Rogalin, ST 9067, X-23 CAS 1830-32-6) (103) is a choleretic agent developed in Austria. 

Lysimachia barystachys Bunge. L. christinae Hance L. clethroides Duby L. davurica Ledeb. L. davurica Ledeb. f. latifolia Korsh. Jin Qian Chao (Loosestrife) (whole plant) Essential oils, 1-pinocamphone, 1-menthone, 1-pinene, limonene, 1,8-cineol, p-cymene.33 Diuretic, a choleretic agent, antibacterial. 

Pesson et al. (1959) recommended the guinea pig as the best choice among the common laboratory animals to study choleretic agents. 

Choleretic agents stimulate the secretion of bile by the liver, thereby increasing the flow of bile. Examples include chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid and a semisynthetic cholate, dehydrocholic acid. Chenodeoxycholic acid appears to work by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase. Dehydrocholic acid produces thin watery bile, so is used to flush small calculi out of the bile ducts, particularly after surgery. These agents are discussed in more detail in other articles see ANTIHYPERLIPIDAEMIC AGENTS CHOLERETIC AGENTS HMG-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS. 

OSalmid [inn, jan] (L171 8 and many other names) is a benzamide and has been used as a CHOLERETIC AGENT, osanetant [inn] (SR 142801) is a substituted piperidinyl-methylacetamide. a TACHYKININ RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST selective for the NKs-receptor subtype. 

Nearly all bile acids are choleretic agents that is, they increase bile flow when infused intravenously into various animal species. In all vertebrtae species examined, there is a close relationship between bile flow and the hepatic excretion rate of bile acids (B24). Acute interruption of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids in man by diversion of bile flow causes the rate of bile secretion to decrease by about 50% (TIO). Thus, the excretion of bile acids from the liver is the major determinant of bile water and solute excretion, predominantly because of the osmotic activity of bile acids in bile. Some interesting studies in dogs have been performed with the bile salt taurodehydrocholate (taurine conjugate of 3,7,12-triketo-5fl-cholan-24-oic acid), which, for stereochemical reasons, cannot form micelles and should therefore have greater osmotic activity than other bile acids. At the same... 

C34. Cook, D. L., Lawler, C. A., and Green, D. M., Studies on the effect of hydro-choleretic agents on hepatic excretory mechanisms in dogs. J. Pharmacol. ExpU. Therap. 293-299 (1954). 

Oxidn. prod, of cholic acid. Choleretic agent, laxative. 

The first observation that phenylacetic acid derivatives cause a reduction in plasma cholesterol levels both in the rat and in man was made by Rebel and CoTTET [206] in 1954. In an extensive structure-activity relationship study of a variety of phenylsubstituted ahphatic acids, the most potent hypocholesterol-emic and choleretic agent proved to be 2-phenylbutyric acid (LXVIII) [207]. These investigators also found that the two optical antipodes of 2-phenylbutyric acid had the same h3rpocholesterolemic and choleretic activity as the racemate [208]. 

Bisoxatin Acetate Choleretic Piprozolin Cholinergic Agent Aceclidine Coccidiostats Oxyphenisatin Acetate... 

Therapeutic Function Choleretic, Spasmolytic, Sunscreen agent... 

UDCA -H sulindac The additional administration of sulindac, a non-steroidal antirheumatic agent (100-300 mg/day), showed an improvement in laboratory parameters - probably due to its choleretic effect. (179)... 

Ursodeoxycholic acid, a bUe acid with choleretic properties, has been shown to produce morphologic and functional improvement in affected patients. The effects are dose-related, and 15-20 mg/kg per day has been used, sometimes in combination with taurine supplementation. Administering this agent prophylacticaUy to patients at risk for liver disease, if feasible, has been proposed. ... 

Choleretic- an agent that stimulates the formation of bile Convulsant- an agent which induces seizures. 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes Uses Synthetic flavoring agent in foods and pharmaceuticals as heat transfer medium in perfumery choleretic... 

Traditional Medicine. Immortelle is used as an expectorant, antitussive, choleretic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, and antiallergic agent in Europe. Conditions for which it is used in-... 

Taurocholate is able to form micelles infusion of TC has been shown [232] to increase output of phospholipid and cholesterol with which it forms mixed micelles. Dehydrocholate has a low tendency to micelle formation and has little influence on the biliary excretion of cholesterol and phospholipid. However, Hardison and Apter [233] have found that while micelle formation is an important factor in the biliary excretion of lipids, it cannot alone explain the results they have obtained. Dehydrocholate, a synthetic agent, is a potent choleretic presumably because its osmotic activity in bile is not diminished by micelle formation and it may therefore exert an osmotic force in biliary canaliculae approximately equal to its concentration. As a result, bile flow is increased more by this substance than by micelle-forming bile salts. Some metabolites of dehydrocholate are, however, capable of micelle formation [234,235]. 

Isol. from young branches of Dalbergia volubilis and from Eupatorium pauciflorum. Used in tunable lasers. Choleretic, spasmolytic and sunscreen agent. Used as a 1% soln. in aq. EtOH for detn. of Al fluorescence acid-base indicator (pH > 7.0, blue fluorescence). Needles (EtOH). Mp 194-195°. pA, 7.80 (25°). Phototautomerises. 

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