Chloride Alcohols

Dependence of apparent constants on concentration. We continue the consideration of Scheme XXIII by making chemically reasonable tentative selections of the forms of A a and k[. First, consider the acetyl chloride-alcohol reaction. Because the spectral observations show that intermediate formation is essentially complete, this system belongs to the case in which kdk i may be treated as infinite (Scheme XXIV). The observed reaction is then... 

Acid chloride, alcohols from, 804 alcoholysis of, 802-803 amides from, 803-804 amines from, 933-935 amjnolysis of, 803-804 carboxylic acids from, 802 electrostatic potential map of, 791... 

Energy substrates include dextrose solutions and fat emulsion. Solutions used to supply energy and fluid include dextrose (glucose) in water or sodium chloride, alcohol in dextrose, and IV fat emulsion. Dextrose is a carbohydrate used to provide a source of calories and fluid. Alcohol (as alcohol in dextrose) also provides calories. Dextrose is available in various strengths (or percent of the carbohydrate) in a fluid, which may be water or sodium chloride (saline). Dextrose and dextrose in alcohol are available in various strengths (or percent of the carbohydrate and percent of the alcohol) in water. Dextrose solutions also are available with electrolytes, for example, Plasma-Lyte 56 and 5% Dextrose. Calories provided by dextrose and dextrose and alcohol solutions are listed in Table 58-1. 

Acid anhydride-diol reaction, 65 Acid anhydride-epoxy reaction, 85 Acid binders, 155, 157 Acid catalysis, of PET, 548-549 Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of nylon-6, 567-568 of nylon-6,6, 568 Acid chloride, poly(p-benzamide) synthesis from, 188-189 Acid chloride-alcohol reaction, 75-77 Acid chloride-alkali metal diphenol salt interfacial reactions, 77 Acid chloride polymerization, of polyamides, 155-157 Acid chloride-terminated polyesters, reaction with hydroxy-terminated polyethers, 89 Acid-etch tests, 245 Acid number, 94 Acidolysis, 74 of nylon-6,6, 568... 

Pentaf luorophenoxyacetyl chloride Alcohols, phenols, amines 524... 

Solubility Soluble in ethyl chloride, alcohol, ether, benzene, acetone, and cyclohexane. Hydrolyzes immediately in the presence of water. 

For transition-metal catalyzed hydroxylation of alkane C-H bonds, the reactions of alkanes with platinum(II) complexes were the most successful. In an aqueous solution of hexachloroplatinic acid and Na2PtCl4, alkanes were converted into a mixture of isomeric alkyl chlorides, alcohols, and ketones, and the platinum(IV) is reduced to platinum(II).7 The kinetics of the reaction with methane as the alkane have been described in detail.8... 

Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose HPMC Cold water, GI fluids, methanol/methylene chloride, alcohol/fluorohydrocarbons Excellent film former and readily soluble throughout GIT low-viscosity grades to be preferred, e.g., Methocel HG (Dow)... 

Alcohols, Hydrogen chloride See Hydrogen chloride Alcohols, etc. 

Ring opening reaction of alkylidenecyclopropanone acetals readily proceeds in the presence of Lewis or Bransted acids to produce l-alkylidene-2-oxyallyl cation, which is provided for the reaction with nucleophiles such as chloride, alcohols, siloxyalkenes, and furans. The reaction of this cation with the carbon nucleophiles gives products of [4 + 3] and [3 + 2] cycloaddition as well as those of nucleophilic addition. The modes of addition reactions are controlled by the oxy group of the cation and by the reaction conditions including solvent. 

The technology is applicable to chlorinated and nonchlorinated VOCs methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) dichloroethylene (DCE), trichloroethylene (TCE), and tetrachloroethylene (per-chloroethylene, PCE) dichloroethane (DCA) vinyl chloride alcohols ethers ketones and halogenated and nonhalogenated paraffinic, olefinic, aliphatic, and aromatic hydrocarbons. It is very effective at treating benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) compounds and any oxygenate, such as acetone or isopropanol. 

Domariska, U. and Bogel-Lukasik, E., Measurements and correlation of the (solid + liquid) equilibria of [l-decyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride + alcohols (C2-CJ2)], Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 42,6986, 2003. 

The oxidation of primary or secondary alcohols to aldehydes or ketones respectively with dimethyl sulphoxide activated by oxalyl chloride has wide applicability (Swern oxidation).243b The initial reaction between the acid chloride and dimethyl sulphoxide in dichloromethane solvent is vigorous and exothermic at — 60 °C and results in the formation of the complex (7) this complex spontaneously decomposes, even at this low temperature, releasing carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide to form the complex (8). The alcohol is added within 5 minutes, followed after 15 minutes by triethylamine. After a further 5 minutes at low temperature the reaction mixture is allowed to warm to room temperature and work-up follows standard procedures. The ratio of reactants is dimethyl sulphoxide oxalyl chloride alcohol triethylamine 2.2 1.1 1.0 5. 

Williamson synthesis of phenyl alkyl and dialkyl ethers. Phenols react with alkyl halides in 20% aqueous NaOH containing 1 equiv. of this surfactant at 80° to form phenolic ethers in 85-97% yield. There is no reaction in the absence of CTAB. This procedure is not useful for preparation of dialkyl ethers from alcohols and alkyl halides. Instead, the alkyl chloride, alcohol, a trace of water, and CTAB are heated in THF at 70° with NaOH (2 equiv.). 

Shrigadi, N. B., A. B. Shinde, and S. D. Samant. 2003. Study of catalytic activity of free and KlO-supported iron oxyhydroxides and oxides in the Friedel-Crafts benzylation reaction using benzyl chloride/alcohol to understand their role in the catalysis by the Fe-exchanged/impregnated K10 catalysts. Appl. Catal. A 252 23-25. 

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