Dextrose solutions

The above sterilized medium was inoculated with 11 liters of seed inoculum having a bacterial count of approximately 20 billion per cc. The tank was fermented at 37°C without pH adjustment, aeration, or other modification for 14 hours at the end of which time 320 cc of 50% dextrose was added. After this the pH was adjusted to 7.0 at 15 minute intervals with 5.0 N sodium hydroxide. The volume of sodium hydroxide required for neutralization was noted and 115% of this volume of 50% dextrose solution added after each pH adjustment. At the end of about 8 hours the bacterial count had ceased to increase and the fermentation was terminated. At this time the fermentation medium contained approximately 1,000 units of streptokinase per cc. 

Energy substrates include dextrose solutions and fat emulsion. Solutions used to supply energy and fluid include dextrose (glucose) in water or sodium chloride, alcohol in dextrose, and IV fat emulsion. Dextrose is a carbohydrate used to provide a source of calories and fluid. Alcohol (as alcohol in dextrose) also provides calories. Dextrose is available in various strengths (or percent of the carbohydrate) in a fluid, which may be water or sodium chloride (saline). Dextrose and dextrose in alcohol are available in various strengths (or percent of the carbohydrate and percent of the alcohol) in water. Dextrose solutions also are available with electrolytes, for example, Plasma-Lyte 56 and 5% Dextrose. Calories provided by dextrose and dextrose and alcohol solutions are listed in Table 58-1. 

The energy substrates are contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to any component of the solution. Dextrose solutions are contraindicated in patients with diabetic coma with excessively high blood sugar. Concentrated dextrose solutions are contraindicated in patients with increased intracranial pressure, delirium tremens (if patient is dehydrated), hepatic coma, or glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome Alcohol dextrose solutions are contraindicated in patients with epilepsy, urinary tract infections, alcoholism, and diabetic coma... 

Alcohol dextrose solutions are used cautiously in patients with hepatic and renal impairment, vitamin deficiency (may cause or potentate vitamin deficiency),... 

Meers P.D., Calder M.W., Mazhar M.M. Lawrie G.M. (1973) Intravenous infusion of contaminated dextrose solution the Devonport incident. Lancet, ii, 1189-1192. 

In patients presenting with acute adrenal crisis who have not been diagnosed previously with adrenal insufficiency, immediate treatment with injectable hydrocortisone and intravenous saline and dextrose solutions should be initiated prior to confirmation of the diagnosis because of the life-threatening nature of this condition. Determine and correct the underlying cause of the acute adrenal crisis (e.g., infection). 

Dextrose Dextrose infusion rate should be -3 1 mg/kg per minute, should comprise -50-60% of total daily calories Since this patient has type 2 diabetes mellitus, consider a goal of -3 mg/kg per minute Provide remainder of total daily calories as dextrose Total daily goal calories = 1 800 kcal/day 1 800 kcal/day -528 kcal/day (from intravenous lipid emulsion) 1272 kcal/day -440 kcal/day (from amino acids) 832 kcal/day to make up with dextrose. 3.4 kcal/g Y 245 8 dextrose/daY If using a 70% stock dextrose solution 245 g x 100 mL. 70 g 245 g/day x 3.4 kcal/g = 833 kcal/day As a double-check, convert to mg/kg/minute 245 g dextrose/day x 1000 mg/1 g x 1 day/1440 minute = 1 70.1 mg/minute 170.1 mg/minute -2.8 mg/kg per minute... 

Large-volume parenterals designed to provide fluid (water), calories (dextrose solutions), electrolytes (saline solutions), or combinations of these materials have been described. Several other specialized LVP and sterile solutions are also used in medicine and will be described here, even though two product classes (peritoneal dialysis and irrigating solutions) are not parenteral products. 

Figure 12 Release of doxazosin from asymmetrical capsule shells versus the osmotic pressure of the receptor solution (gastric buffer, 7.5 atm, and dextrose solutions, 21 and 34 atm). (From Ref. 28.)...

IVFE 10% and 20% products can be administered by a central or peripheral vein, added directly to PN solution as a total nutrient admixture (TNA) or three-in-one system (lipids, protein, glucose, and additives), or piggybacked with a CAA and dextrose solution. IVFE 30% is approved only for TNA preparation. 

CAA and dextrose solutions are generally stable for 1 to 2 months if refrigerated at 4°C and protected from light, but TNA formulations are inherently unstable. 

A 0.22-micrometer filter is recommended for CAA and dextrose solutions to remove particulate matter, air, and microorganisms. Because IVFE particles measure approximately 0.5 micrometers, IVFE should be administered separately and piggybacked into the PN line beyond the in-line filter. 

Fig. 2.—Alpha dextrose monohydrate from freshly prepared alpha dextrose solution. Magnification, 50.

Another commercial method of preparing a beta dextrose-containing product consists of the spray drying of a hot concentrated dextrose solution. To aid in removing last traces of water the solution is sprayed onto a moving bed of anhydrous solid product, conveniently obtained from a previous batch. The product is finally kiln dried and appears as pellets or pearls containing a mixture of beta and alpha dextrose.19... 

What is the weight, in kilograms, of 1 gallon of dextrose solution having a specific gravity of 1.25 ... 

Acid citrate dextrose solution-A (ACD-A) 22.0 g/L sodium citrate (Na3C6H507 ... 

Human neutrophils are isolated from acid citrate dextrose solution-A anticoagulated human blood by the method described by Boyum (16) with modifications (17) as described in detail in Chapter 36 of this text. 

PESDA/denatured albumin shell dispersion of gas microbubbles in HSA/dextrose solution Clinical Trials [25]... 

It is recommended that 750 to 1000 mL of normal saline or 5% dextrose solution be... 

IV- Dissolve the contents of 1 vial in 3 to 5 mL of Sterile Water for Injection or 5% Dextrose Injection. Further dilute the calculated dose in 50 to 250 mL of 5% Dextrose solution. 

Penicillins are available in tablets, chewable tablets, capsules, powder for oral suspension, powder for injection, prefilled syringes for injection, premixed dextrose solutions for injection, and solutions for infusion. 

Denatured Alcohol 2,4-D Esters Detergent Alkylate = 2 Dextrose Solution Diacetic Ether Diacetone Diacetone Alcohol Diacetylmethane Diacetyl Peroxide Solution... 

Dextrose Solution Glutaraldehyde Solution Glycerine Tannic Acid Glycerine... 

Dextrose Solution — Fire Hazards Flash Point (deg. F) Not flammable Flammable Limits in Air (%>) Not flammable Fire Extinguishing Agents Not pertinent Fire Extinguishing Agents Not... 

At this point, every patient with altered mental status should receive a challenge with concentrated dextrose, unless a rapid bedside blood glucose test demonstrates that the patient is not hypoglycemic. Adults are given 25 g (50 mL of 50% dextrose solution) intravenously, children 0.5 g/kg (2 mL/kg of 25% dextrose). Hypoglycemic patients may appear to be intoxicated, and there is no rapid and reliable way to distinguish them from poisoned patients. Alcoholic or malnourished patients should also receive 100 mg of thiamine intramuscularly or in the intravenous infusion solution at this time to prevent Wernicke s syndrome. 

FIGURE 17 Cumulative particle size distribution in 5% dextrose solutions for injection ( ) product 2AL packed in 500-mL glass containers with lacquer-coated rubber stopper (o) product 2G packed in 500-mL plastic bags (smooth curve), BP specification [80]. 

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