Chloramination

If ammonia is used in large excess and the chlorine diluted with nitrogen, chloramine, NH Cl, is formed ... 

When chlorine is passed into aqueous ammonia, ammonium chloride and nitrogen are formed. If, however, sodium chloratefi) (hypochlorite) is used instead of chlorine, chloramine is first formed ... 

Normally the chloramine immediately undergoes further reaction, giving oft nitrogen ... 

Toluene-p-sulphonchloro-sodio-amide ( Chloramine-T ), CHjC HjSO-NNaCh. H.O, and Toluene-p-sulphon-dichloro-amide ( Dickloramine-T ), CH3C H4S02Na2. 

Both chloramine-T and dichloramine-T have marked antiseptic properties, chloramine-T being most frequently used because of its solubility in water. Aqueous solutions of chloramine-T can be used either for external application, or for internal application to the mouth, throat, etc, as chloramine-T in moderate quantities is non-toxic its aqueous solution can also be effectively used when the skin has come in contact with many of the vesicant liquid poison-gases, as the latter are frequently organic sulphur or arsenic derivatives which combine with or are oxidised by chloramine-T and are thus rendered harmless. 

Both chloramine-T and dichloramine-T can be readily estimated, because they liberate iodine from potassium iodide quantitatively in the presence of... 

Dichloramine-T and chloramine-T. When p toluenesulphonamide is dissolved in excess of sodium (01 calcium) hypochlorite solution, it is converted into the soluble salt of the N-monochloro derivative ... 

When the dichloramine-T is heated with sodium hydroxide solution, the reverse change occurs and sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulphoiiamide (chloramine-T) crystallises out on cooling at a suitable concentration ... 

Both chloramine-T and dichloramine-T slowly liberate hypochlorous aeid in eontaet with water and are therefore employed as antiseptics the former is employed in the form of a dilute (e.g., 0-2 per eent.) aqueous solution, and the latter (which is insoluble in water) as a solution in an organic solvent, such as a chlorinated paraffin. 

Chloramine-T is a salt and has no definite m.p. upon heating it loses water of crystallisation and decomposes violently at 175-180°. 

If the cut is Only a minor one, allow it to bleed for a few seconds, see that no glass remains, apply a disinfectant (rectified spirit, Dettol, 1 per cent aqueous chloramine-T solution, or sulpha-pyridine powder) and bandage. 

In a variation of the Raschig process for making hydrazine, amines rather than ammonia ate reacted with chloramine to give the corresponding alkyl hydrazine ... 

In the iadustrial synthesis of phenyUiydraziae [100-63-0] the reduciag agent is sodium bisulfite. It is also possible to react aniline with chloramine as ia the Raschig process (79) ... 

This is a stepwise process in which chloramine [10599-90-3] is first formed from ammonia and hypochlorite in a rapid reaction at low temperature ... 

The chloramine then reacts with excess ammonia to form hydrazine ... 

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