Chloramine yellow

Thioflavine S, diamine fast yellow B, F F, M, sulphine, primuline, chloramine, yellow, brilliant pure yellow, chlorazol fast yellow, th-azol yellow Clayton yellow, chlorophenine, dianil pure yellow H. naphthamine pure yellow G. diphenyl fast yellow, triazol fast yellow, Columbia yellow, oxydtand yellow, oxydiamine yellow, mimosa yellow, etc. 

Chlorophenine, chloramine yellow, diamine fast yellow B, F F, and C, Clayton -yellow, thiazol yellow, thioflavine S, etc. Primuline developed with hypochlorite. 

Chloramine Yellow FF (Naphthamine Yellow NN) and Thiazole Yellow... 

Thiazole yellow (Clayton yellow, mimosa, etc.) is, in contrast to chloramine yellow, the least fast yellow of the entire dye industry and it is really astonishing that such an inferior dye is used at all. It has, how-... 

Various types of dyes are prepared from dehydrothiotoluidine. The free base or its sulfonic acid is diazotized and coupled with various naph-tholsulfonic acids such as, for example, e acid (l-naphthol-3,8-disul-fonic acid). The resulting dye is characterized by its high purity of color and can be discharged to a pure white. Such red direct dyes are sold under various names, and are usually referred to as dyes of the erika red type. (Erika Z is the combination from dehydxothioxylidine and e acid. l-Naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid gives a very similar dye.) In addition to the true azo dyes from dehydrothiotoluidine, two other products are made which are important yellow dyes. One of these dyes is the naphthamine yellow NN (also called chloramine yellow) (Kalle), formed from dehydrothiotoluidinesulfonic acid by oxidation with sodium hypochlorite. The other is thiazole yellow or Clayton yellow, which is made by combining the diazo compound of dehydrothiotoluidinesulfonic acid with a second molecule of the same compound to form a diazoamino compound. 

Products analogous to chloramine yellow and thiazole yellow can be prepared from primuline, but these dyes give much muddier colors and are redder and weaker so they have found little favor. 

In this way, many green azo dyes have been made by combining separate conjugated systems in the same molecule, eg, one yellow and the other blue. The blocking or the insulating group prevents the electronic interaction of one chromophore system with the second. Chloramine Fast Scarlet 4BS... 

Sulfonamidates. Chloramine-T, A/-chloro-A/-sodiomethylbenzenesulfonamidate ttihydrate [127-65-1], CH3C3H4S02NClNa-3H20, a white to slightly yellow soHd, effloresces in air losing chlorine, becoming less soluble in water (71). It has a mp of 175°C, an av CI2 of 25%, and is moderately soluble... 

Curcumine S. Mikado yellow, golden yellow and orange, direct yellow, stilbene yellow, diamine fast yellow A, A R diamine orange D, dianil direct yellow S, chloramine orange, naphthamine yellow, diphenyl chrysoine, diphenyl citronine, sun yellow, polar yellow, polyphenol yellow, etc. 

Chlorine retention is a special problem with amine and amide-containing finishes. When fabrics treated with these finishes are laundered with chlorine bleach, unsubstituted nitrogen atoms can react to form chloramines (Fig. 5.10). Chloramines hydrolyse to form hypochlorous acid that can decompose to materials that will degrade cellulose by significant strength loss and marked yellowing. DMDHEU products show less chlorine retention than do TMM or DMU products. Chlorine retention of A -methylol-based finishes is used for antimicrobial effects (Chapter 15.4 and Fig. 15.3 and 15.4). 

This acid has been prepared in several ways (1) By the action of perhydrol on the chloride. (2) By oxidation of the oxide. (3) By the action of a 10 per cent, aqueous solution of Chloramine-T (2 mols.) on a cold acetone solution of the chloride (1 mol.), 20 c.c. of acetone being used per gram of chloride. The last method gives a yield of 92 per cent. The acid does not melt at 800° C., crystallises from acetone in needles, and from acetic acid contains 1 molecule of acetic acid of crystallisation. The following salts have been described Sodium salt, fine needles hydrochloride, colourless needles, M.pt. 200° to 205° C. nitrate, pale yellow needles, having no melting-point sulphate, colourless prisms, M.pt. 138° to 140° C. with decomposition. 

THus derivative may bo isolated front the preoeding compound in two ways (1) Two grams of 10-ehloro-J -ntethyl-6 10-dihydrophenaxsazine in 70 ( .e. of cold acetone are treat(>yellow colour of the solution... 

Various other procedures have been developed for the synthesis of ct-diazo ketones and, although less popular in modem organic chemistry, may occasionally be valuable for the preparation of specific compounds. These routes include the oxidation of a-ketoximes with chloramine, the oxidation of a-ketohydrazones with yellow mercury(II) oxide or manganese dioxide, the hydroxide ion assisted decomposition of tosylhydrazones, and the diazotization of a-amino ketones. 

A colorimetric method for microdetermination of sulfonamides based on diazotization of the drug with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid has been reported (59). The diazonium salt is then coupled with 8-hydroxyquinoline in alkaline medium and the absorbance of the developed color measured at its maximum wavelength. A similar method involves diazotization and coupling of the sulfonamide with indole in alkaline solution to form an intense yellow azo dye which exhibits maximum absorption at 449 nm. Beer s law is obeyed over the concentration range 1-32 /ig/ml with a relative standard deviation of less than 2% (60). The reaction of sulfonamides with chloramine-T in sulfuric acid gives a yellow product which is suitable for the determination of sulfonamides in different formulations. It has an accuracy similar to that of the Bratton and Marshall method (61). 

Properties White or slightly yellow crystals or crystalline powder, containing more than 11.5% and less than 13% active chlorine. Slight odor of chlorine. Decomposes slowly in air, liberating chlorine. (Not to be confused with NH,C1, which is also termed chloramine.) Soluble in water insoluble in benzene, chloroform, ether decomposed by alcohol. 

The chloramines decompose on storage with the accompanying appearance of a yellow discoloration, and under the influence of ironing they give rise to hydrochloric acid which causes loss of strength ... 

Carbolan Yellow R, 575 Celanthrene Brilliant Blue FFS 514 Celliton Fast YeUow RRA/CF, 510 Chloramine Red B, 381 -.Yellow 2G,419 Chlorantine Fast Black 2G, 425 —V Blue 8G, 529 Green lOGL, 529... 

Tris(4-methyl-l-naphthyl)bismuthine (632 mg, 1 mmol) and Chloramine-T (564 mg, 2 mmol) were heated in benzene (20 ml)/methanol (20 ml) for ca. 30 min. When the bismuthine was consumed completely, the precipitated solid was removed by filtration and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to ca. 20 ml and left to stand. The crystalline deposit was filtered off, washed with methanol, and recrystallized from benzene/methanol to give the dinaphthylbismuthinate as pale yellow fine needles (446 mg, 80%), m.p. 140-150°C (decomp.) [88CL2021]. 

Chloramine reacts with phenolate in the presence of sodium nitroprusside as catalyst and in several reaction steps forms the dye indophenol blue, which is yellow in the non-dissociated and blue in the dissociated state. This reaction can be represented by the following empirical formula ... 

Transfer 5 ml of the test solution to a 50 ml beaker. Add 1 ml of N hydrochloric acid and then 0.5 ml of sodium acetate buffer solution and 1 drop of fluorescein solution. Mix thoroughly and then add 1 drop of chloramine T solution. Mix by swirling and set aside for 30 seconds, then stop the reaction by adding 2 drops of alkaline thiosulfate reducing agent. Treat the blank solution in a similar manner. When bromine is present in the sample, a rose-pink colour will be developed in the test solution compared with the yellow-green blank solution. (Note Iodine also gives a positive result with this test.)... 

Fluorine ions are evidenced by the destruction of the zirconium-alizarin complex (see Chap. 30). Revealing bromide ions in the presence of chloride ions is trickier. It is carried out with chloramine T and phenol red. The reaction is performed at pH = 5.2. The bromide ions are oxidized by chloramine T into bromine, which reacts by substitution with phenol red. A purple color appears. Normally, a pure solution of phenol red is yellow. 

A 5% aqueous solution of chloramine-T gives a yellow color with usnic acids (Mitsuno, 1953). An 8% aqueous solution of titanium trichloride (TiClg) produces a yellow-green color with usnic acids (Bendz et al., 1967). 

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