Cellulose Chloramine

Amines can give rise to chloramines during hypochlorite bleaching (Scheme 10.83). In addition to increasing AOX values, this can result in cellulose oxidative degradation by hypochlorite on subsequent hydrolysis of the chloramines (Scheme 10.84) [448]. 

Chlorine retention is a special problem with amine and amide-containing finishes. When fabrics treated with these finishes are laundered with chlorine bleach, unsubstituted nitrogen atoms can react to form chloramines (Fig. 5.10). Chloramines hydrolyse to form hypochlorous acid that can decompose to materials that will degrade cellulose by significant strength loss and marked yellowing. DMDHEU products show less chlorine retention than do TMM or DMU products. Chlorine retention of A -methylol-based finishes is used for antimicrobial effects (Chapter 15.4 and Fig. 15.3 and 15.4). 

Adrenocorticotropin Tracer iodination with chloramine T 0.01 Chromatography on carboxymethyl-cellulose column salt gradient, ammonium acetate R. J. Lefkowitz, J. Roth, W. Pricer, and I. Pastan, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. US, 65 745 (1970)... 

Insulin Tracer iodination with chloramine T 0.025-0.10 Chromatography on diethylamino-ethyl cellulose column salt gradient, Tris-NaCl-urea P. Freychet, J. Roth, and D. M. Neville, Jr., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 43 400 (1971)... 

Many of the acid dyes containing azo and sulphonic groups are closely related, structurally, to the direct cotton colours and there is no clear dividing line between those suitable for protein fibres and those which will dye cellulose well. Chloramine Red B (C.I. direct red 39), for instance, is a direct colour which will dye wool equally effectively. Some of the acid dyes with a marked affinity towards cellulosic fibres are ... 

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