Chitosan Based Nanoparticles

Chitosan based magnetic nanoparticles emerged as potential tool for the delivery of varions drugs, biosensor and immobilization applications of various maCTomole-cules. Various fabrication methods have been developed. Various chitosan based polyelectrolyte complexes as drug delivery systems are mentioned in Fig. 3.7. 

Zang et al. explored the synthesis of carboxymethyl-chitosan-bound magnetic nanoparticles by the spraying co-precipitation method [204]. Similarly Zhi et al. [205] demonstrated the in situ preparation of magnetic chitosan/Fe304 composite NPs in tiny pools of water-in-oil microemulsion. In addition Suspension of Fe304 nanopaiticles 

PEG-chitosan-coated iron oxide NPs with high saturated magnetization As carriers of 10-hydroxycamptothecin [212] 

Superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs encapsulated within chitosan Biomedical applications [213] 

Magnetic NPs coated with sulfonated chitosan Delivery of catecholamines [214] 

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Even newer generations of nanomaterials are based on carbon nanotubes using the bottom-up approach. The materials are still very expensive, but the technology is evolving rapidly. Another type of nanotube has been prepared based on self-assembly of specific molecules such as chitosan-based nanoparticles of polypeptides, DNA or synthetic polymers. Phospholipids or dendrimer-coated particles are suitable for the entrapment of actives in very small vesicles. The current materials are still lacking in selectivity and yield (costs). 

Cui Z, Mumper R J (2001). Chitosan-based nanoparticles for topical genetic immunization./. Control. Rel. 75 409-419. 

Chitosan-based nanoparticles have been used as drug delivery carriers for sustained drug release [12], Chitosan is versatile and is used in different fields such as pharmaceuticals, TE, and food technology because it is an FDA-approved generally recognized as safe (GRAS) material [46],... 

Park et al. [60] prepared non-arginine-modified chitosan-based nanoparticulate systems for gene [small interfering RNA (siRNA)] deUvery. Modified chitosan-based nanoparticles resulted in increases in the transfection efficiency and ceUular uptake capacity (Fig. 10.5) as well as low cytotoxicity activity. 

S. Jana, N. Maji, A.K. Nayak, K.K. Sen, S.K. Basu, Development of chitosan-based nanoparticles through inter-polymeric complexation for oral drug delivery. Carbohydrate... 

Importance of Engineering Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles, Nanospheres, and Nanogels 105... 

The ionic gelation method has received tremendous attention in recent years for the preparation of nanocarriers for low molecular dmgs [148]. As far as chitosan-based nanoparticles are concerned, sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) is usually used as ionic crosslinking agent. Chitosan-based nanoparticles can also be prepared using self-assembly methods. In this case, polyanionic compounds are selected and then allowed to react separately with chitosan and modified chitosan. Electrostatic... 

Cui et al. explored the topical application of chitosan-based nanoparticles containing plasmid DNA (pDNA) as a potential approach for genetic immunization... 

Jiang J, Hua D, Tang J. One-pot synthesis of pH- and thermo-sensitive chitosan-based nanoparticles by the polymerization of acrylic acid/chitosan with macro-RAFT agent. Int J Biol Macromol. 2010 46(1) 126-30. 

Prego C, Paolicelli P, Diaz B, Wcente S, Sanchez A, GonztQez-Femandez A, Alonso MJ. Chitosan-based nanoparticles for improving immunization ageiinst hepatitis B infection. Vaccine. 2010 28(14) 2607-14. 

Lebre F, Bento D, Jesus S, Borges O. Chapter seven - Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles as a Hepatitis B Antigen Delivery System. Methods Enzymol. 2012 509 127-42. 

Lee SJ, Park K, Oh YK, Kwon SH, Her S, Kim IS, Choi K, et al. Tumor specificity and therapeutic efficacy of photosensitizer-encapsulated glycol chitosan-based nanoparticles in tumorbearing mice. Biomaterials. 2009 30(15) 2929-39. 

Jafarinejad S, GUani K, Moazeni E, Ghazi-Khansari M, Rouholamini AN, Mohajel N. Development of chitosan-based nanoparticles for pulmonary dehvery of itraconazole as dry powder formulation. Powder Technol. 2012 222 65-70. 

P. Fonte, J.C. Andrade, V. Seabra, and B. Sarmento, Chitosan-based nanoparticles as delivery systems of therapeutic proteins. Methods Mol. Biol, 899,471-487, 2012. 

Yuan, Q., Shah, (., Hein, S and Misra, R. D.K. (2010) Controlled and extended dmg release behavior of chitosan-based nanoparticle carrier. Acta Biomaterialia, 6, 1140-1148. 

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