Tumor specificity

The Ga and Ga isotopes were studied, eg, as citrate salts, for detection of tumors. Ga concentrates in bone tissues and Ga seem to have a tumor-specific affinity. Additional data are available (41,42). 

Conjugation of DOX with copolymers or peptides Recognition of DOX by tumor-specific receptors or proteases Investigational... 

The list of MoAb or fusion proteins used in treatment of every type of cancer is continually growing as research identifies more cancer-associated antigens. MoAb targeting a tumor-specific antigen is used... 

Arnold, L. J., Dagan, A., and Kaplan, N. O., Poly(L-lysine) as an antineoplastic agent and a tumor-specific drug carrier,... 

Inadequate performance may result from lack of antigen specificity, e.g., tumor-specific antigens are often differentiation antigens which also occur, although in a lower density on nontarget cells (Poste, 1984). 

Hashimoto, Y., Sugawara, M., Masuko, T., and Hojo, H. (1983). Antitumor effect of actinomycin D entrapped in liposomes bearing subunits of tumor-specific monoclonal immunoglobulin M antibody. Cancer Res., 43, 5328-5334. 

Schroit, A. J., and Key, M. E. (1983). Induction of syngeneic tumor-specific immunity by liposomes reconstituted with L2C tumor-cell antigens, Immunology. 49. 431-438. 

CEA is a prototypic tumor marker. It is neither organ specific nor tumor specific. CEA concentrations are elevated (greater than 3.0 ng/ml) in the sera of patients with colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, hepatocellular, and biliary carcinoma. The... 

Chowdhury SA et al (2005) Tumor-specificity and apoptosis-inducing activity of stilbenes and flavonoids. Anticancer Res 25(3B) 2055-2063... 

A different pH-triggered deshielding concept with hydrophilic polymers is based on reversing noncovalent electrostatic bonds [78, 195, 197]. For example, a pH-responsive sulfonamide/PEl system was developed for tumor-specific pDNA delivery [195]. At pH 7.4, the pH-sensitive diblock copolymer, poly(methacryloyl sulfadimethoxine) (PSD)-hZocA -PEG (PSD-b-PEG), binds to DNA/PEI polyplexes and shields against cell interaction. At pH 6.6 (such as in a hypoxic extracellular tumor environment or in endosomes), PSD-b-PEG becomes uncharged due to sulfonamide protonation and detaches from the nanoparticles, permitting PEI to interact with cells. In this fashion PSD-b-PEG is able to discern the small difference in pH between normal and tumor tissues. 

Moffatt S, Wiehle S, Cristiano RJ (2005) Tumor-specific gene delivery mediated by a novel peptide-polyethylenimine-DNA polyplex targeting aminopeptidase N/CD13. Hum Gene Ther 16 57-67... 

Sethuraman VA, Na K, Bae YH (2006) pH-responsive sulfonamide/PEI system for tumor specific gene delivery an in vitro study. Biomacromol 7 64-70... 

Hatakeyama H, Akita H, Kogure K, Oishi M, Nagasaki Y, Kihira Y, Ueno M, Kobayashi H, Kikuchi H, Harashima H (2007) Development of a novel systemic gene delivery system for cancer therapy with a tumor-specific cleavable PEG-lipid. Gene Ther 14 68-77... 

Bartlett DW, Davis ME (2008) Impact of tumor-specific targeting and dosing schedule on tumor growth inhibition after intravenous administration of siRNA-containing nanoparticles. Biotechnol Bioeng 99 975-985... 

Bartlett DW, Su H, Hildebrandt IJ, Weber WA, Davis ME (2007) Impact of tumor-specific targeting on the biodistribution and efficacy of siRNA nanoparticles measured by multimodality in vivo imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104 15549-15554... 

Karsten, U., Serttas, N., Paulsen, H., Danielczyk, A., and Goletz, S. (2004) Binding patterns of DTR-specific antibodies reveal a glycosylation-conditioned tumor-specific epitope of the epithelial mucin (MUC1). Glycobiology 14(8), 681-692. 

CpG ODNs are also effective as vaccine adjuvants to enhance adaptive TH1 cellular immune responses.104 In mice, CpG ODNs can trigger strong TH1 responses,105 enhancing the number and function of tumor-specific Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and IFN-y secreting T cells.106 This has resulted in therapeutic vaccines in mouse tumor models where no other approach has shown comparable efficacy, even with large (1 cm) established tumors.107 108 Even without a vaccine, CpG ODNs can induce CD8+ T cell-mediated regression of established tumors with durable memory responses.109... 

Fisher, M. S. and Kripke, M. L., Further studies on the tumor-specific suppressor cells induced by ultraviolet radiation, J. Immunol. 121, 1139-1144, 1978. 

Tumor Vaccines. Autologous or allogenic tumor cells which are administered as vaccine (e.g., tumor cell lines tumor cell lysates primary explant). This group also includes autologous antigen presenting cells pulsed with tumor specific peptides or tumor cell lysates. 

These methods are essential when there is any significant degree of mortality in a bioassay. They seek to adjust for the differences in periods of risk individual animals undergo. Life table techniques can be used for those data where there are observable or palpable tumors. Specifically, one should use Kaplan-Meier product limit estimates from censored data graphically, Cox-Tarone binary regression (log-rank test), and Gehan-Breslow modification of Kruskal-Wallis tests (Thomas et al., 1977 Portier and Bailer, 1989) on censored data. 

McDevitt et al. (2007) reported that multiple copies of tumor-specific monoclonal antibodies were covalently attached to the carbon nanotubes. These tumor-specific antibodies should allow the carbon nanotubes to specifically target tumor cells. This will undoubtedly be beneficial to a patient and will most likely cause reduced side effects. These specific tumor-targeting CNTs may also have reduced... 

Langer, M., Kratz, F., Rothen-Rutishauser, B., Wunderli-Allenspach, H., Beck-Sickinger, A.G., Novel peptide conjugates for tumor-specific chemotherapy. J Med Chem 44, 1341-1348 (2001). 

Murray GI, Taylor MC, McFadyen MC, McKay JA, Greenlee WF, et al. 1997. Tumor-specific e3q>ression of cytochrome P450 CYPIBL Cancer Res 57 3026-3031. 

Jensen SS, Andresen TL, Davidsen J, et al. Secretory phospholipase A2 as a tumor-specific trigger for targeted delivery of a novel class of liposomal prodrug anticancer ether lipids. Mol Cancer Ther 2004 3 1451-1458. 

Andresen TL, Jensen SS, Jorgensen K. Advanced strategies in liposomal cancer therapy problems and prospects of active and tumor specific drug release. Prog Lipid Res 2005 44 68-97. 

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