Potential tools

Antisense RNAs, RNA decoys, ribozymes, small interfering RNAs, and RNA ap-tamers are potential tools in antiviral gene therapy. The application of the antiviral RNAs is described in detail in Chap. 9 of this volnme by J. Haasnoot and B. Berkhont. 

Most published work on the design and fabrication of nanostructures from biological macromolecules relate to DNA and proteins the use of other biopolymers, such as cyclodextrins [2], was far less developed. Because the use of DNA is intensively covered in Chapter 10 of this volume (also see Ref 3), as well as recently described by Seeman [4,5] this chapter will focus on proteins as a potential tool for the construction of nanostructures. Hence this chapter is focused on literature that may provide a basis for the identification of gnidelines, methodologies, and examples having potential for farther development of new protein-based composite nanostrnctnres integrating strnctnral and bioactive components. 

The author expresses his appreciation and gratitude to all those who have significantly contributed to the development of this new field, bringing it to the forefront as a potential tool for the study of fast electrode kinetics. 

Berthelot T, Lain G, Latxague L, Deleris G (2004) Synthesis of novel fluorogenic L-Fmoc lysine derivatives as potential tools for imaging cells. J Fluoresc 14 671-675... 

FRET probes based on DNA are strong potential tools to investigate cellular processes where nucleases and a set of enzymes acting on DNA play a role. Most probes of this class are not particularly... 

Hofmann, K., Finn, F.M., Friesen, H.-J., Diaconescu, C., and Zahn, H. (1977) Biotinylinsulins as potential tools for receptor studies. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 74, 2697-2700. 

The sewer model is designed from a conceptual point of view and has potential for further applications. In Section 4.3.3, it was concluded that the occurrence of sulfide can be used as a pragmatic measure of malodors. Therefore, the sewer process model also has potential for the prediction of odor problems. Furthermore, as dealt with in Section 8.5.2, the model also predicts the aerobic transformations of suspended sediment particles in sewers (Vollertsen and Hvitved-Jacobsen, 1998, 1999 Vollertsen et al 1998, 1999). The model is also a potential tool for simulation of the impacts from combined sewer overflows. 

Masson C, et al. pH-sensitive PEG lipids containing orthester linkers new potential tools for non viral gene delivery. J Control Rel 2004 99 423. 

ICSCs are a potential tool for the implementation of the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) for the labeling and classification of chemicals as they contain the necessary hazard data for this purpose. 

S. Wagner, H.J. Breyholz, M.P. Law, A. Faust, C. Holtke, S. Schroer, G. Haufe, B. Levkau, O. Schober, M. SchMers, K. Kopka, Novel fluorinated derivatives of the broad-spectrum MMP inhibitors A/-hydroxy-2(R)-[[(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl](ben-zyl)- and (3-picolyl)-amino]-3-methyl-butanamide as potential tools for the molecular imaging of activated MMPs with PET, J. Med. Chem. 50 (2007) 5752-5764. 

P. Szczecinski, D. Bartusik, F-19 NMR measurements—A potential tool for the determination of amino acids in body fluids, Pol. J. Chem. 77 (2003) 321-328. 

Polybrominated Biphenyls. A recent study has used caffeine as a potential tool to characterize exposure and/or effect of PBBs (Lambert et al. 1990). In this test, caffeine is used as a metabolic probe of cytochrome P-450 isozymes activity from the CYPIA family, which in animals is significantly induced by PBBs (Safe 1984). Tire caffeine breath test (CBT) is primarily useful for detecting induction of CYP1A2 activity in human liver, and for that reason, it also has been used as a marker for exposure to PCBs, CDDs, and CDFs (Lambert et al. 1992). A volunteer population of 50 Michigan subjects with previously high serum PBB levels and 50 with undetectable or low serum levels was compared to a control population not exposed to PBBs (Lambert et al. 1992). Two tests were conducted, the CYP1A2-dependent caffeine... 

In summary, spectrally resolved 3-pulse 2-colour photon echoes provide a potential tool to study the molecular structure dynamics on a femtosecond time scale and will be used to study chemical and physical processes involving nonequilibrium relaxation in both ground and excited states of molecules. 

Hamburger, J., He, N., Abbasi, I., Ramzy, R.M., Jourdane, J. and Ruppel, A. (2001) Polymerase chain reaction assay based on a highly repeated sequence of Schistosoma haematobium a potential tool for monitoring schistosome-infested water. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 65, 907-911. 

Harper DB, Kalin RM, Hamilton JTG, Lamb C (2001) Carbon Isotope Ratios for Chloromethane of Biological Origin Potential Tool in Determining Biological Emissions. Environ Sci Technol 35 3616... 

Duarte, I., Barros, A., Belton, P. S., Righelato, R., Spraul, M., Humpfer, E., and Gil, A. M. (2002). High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis for the characterization of beer.. Agric. Food Chem. 50, 2475-2481. Duarte, I. F., Barros, A., Almeida, C., Spraul, M., and Gil, A. M. (2004). Multivariate analysis of NMR and FTIR data as a potential tool for the quality control of beer. J. Agric. Food Chem. 52, 1031-1038. 

Vakili S, Caudill MA. Personalized nutrition Nutritional genomics as a potential tool for targeted medical nutrition therapy. NutrRev. 2007, 65 301-315. 

Usually two different polymers do not mix at the segmental level but a favourable interaction between the two polymers can allow one to obtain homogeneous blends. FT-IR is a potential tool for the investigation of the mutual compatibility of various polymers. The small spectral changes due to these interactions can be detected by this method. If two polymers are immiscible, one can synthesise a spectrum of the blend by co-adding, in the appropriate... 

Murray, M., Patel, D., and Sharpe, A. (2001) Intramolecular photocycloaddition of N-alkenyl substituted maleimides a potential tool for the rapid construction of perhydroazaazulene alkaloids. 

Belcarz A, Ginalska G, Kowalewska B, Kulesza P (2008) Spring cabbage peroxidases -Potential tool in biocatalysis and bioelectrocatalysis. Phytochemistry 69 627-636... 

Every radioactive isotope detected in groundwater serves as a potential tool for dating. The half-life of 36C1 — 3 x 105 years—is especially promising because it fills in a most important time span, that is, beyond the limits of groundwater dating by radiocarbon. 

Chiral Gompounds. As CD s are composed of D-glucose they are chiral. CD complexation represents therefore a potential tool for separation of other chiral compounds into enantiomers. In fact various interesting separations of chiral compounds into enantiomers have been achieved using p -CD silica stationary phases (3,9, 12-16). ... 

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