Risk factors children

Natale J. E., Joseph J. G., Helfaer M. A., and Shaffner D. H. (2000) Early hyperthermia after traumatic brain injury in children risk factors, influence on length of stay, and effect on short-term neurologic status. Crit. Care Med. 28, 2608-2615. 

The reported risk factors for HIV-associated sensory neuropathy are varied and may have changed since the availability of HAART. In the pre-HAART era, age, nutritional deficiencies, alcohol exposure, higher HIV viral load, and low CD4 counts (Moyle and Sadler 1998 Childs et al. 1999), as well as mood, other neurologic disorders and functional abnormalities (Schifitto et al. 2002) were neuropathy risk factors. In the HAART era, the use of NRTI (Cherry et al. 2006 Pettersen et al. 2006) and exposure to protease inhibitor (PI) medication (Pettersen et al. 2006 Smyth et al. 2007) are considered additional risk factors. Although hepatitis C mono-infection has been associated with peripheral nerve disease, and there is... 

Asthma results from a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors however, the underlying cause is not well understood. There appears to be an inheritable component, as the presence of asthma in a parent is a strong risk factor for the development of asthma in a child. This risk increases when a family history of atopy is also present.13 Approximately 50% of asthma can be attributed to atopy, and atopic asthma is more common in children than adults.3 Furthermore, atopy in childhood asthma is the strongest prognostic factor for continued asthma as an adult.1,3... 

Fergusson DM, Fergusson JE. Horwood LJ, et al. 1988a. A longitudinal study of dentine lead levels, intelligence, school performance and behavior. Part I. Dentine lead levels and exposure to environmental risk factors. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 29 781-792. 

Weinberg NZ and Glanz MD (1999). Child psychopathology risk factors for drug abuse Overview. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 28, 290-297. 

J. Taylor. Are risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome different at night Arch Dis Child 2002 87(4) CS376... 

Chaffin, M., Kelleher, K. and Hollenberg, J. (1996) Onset of physical abuse and neglect psychiatric substance abuse and social risk factors from social community data. Child Abuse and Neglect 20, 191-203. 

Jones, P., Rodgers, B., Murray, R., and Marmot, M. (1994) Child development risk factors for schizophrenia in the British 1946 birth cohort. Lancet 344 1398-1402. 

Brent, D.A., Baugher, M., Bridge, J., Chen, J., and Beery, L. (1999a) Age and sex-related risk factors for adolescent suicide./ Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 38 1497-1505. 

Gould, M.S., Fisher, R, Parides, M., Flory, M., and Shaffer, D. (1996) Psychosocial risk factors of child and adolescent completed suicide. Arch Gen Psychiatry 53 1155-1162. 

Ma DQ, Jones G. Clinical risk factors but not bone density are associated with prevalent fractures in prepubertal children. J Paediatr Child Health 2002 38(5) 497-500. 

Coulter DL. Carnitine deficiency in epilepsy Risk factors and treatment. J Child Neurol 1995 10(Suppl. 2) S32-9. 

Following recent studies relaying that an atopic ambiance induced by maternal factors can provoke a risk of atopic diseases in the child, it should be recognized that after birth preexisting atopic diseases present an enormous risk factor for additional sensitizations [20]. Immunotherapies are seen as a curative treatment, which reduces the severity of allergies or even cures them and thereby reduces the risk of new sensitizations. This has been well demonstrated for subcutaneous immunotherapies, but there are still no convincing results for SLIT [21,22],... 

Braback L, Breborowicz A, Julge K, Knutsson A, Riikjarv MA, Vasar M, Bjorksten B (1995) Risk factors for respiratory symptoms and atopic sensitisation in the Baltic area. Arch Dis Child, 72 487 193. 

The criteria for use of phototherapy are based on risk factors and a rising bilirubin level that exceeds the rate predicted by the nomogram or levels between 15 and 20 mg/dLThe child is at... 

This review generated responses from other authorities in the field. Some commented that the conclusions may be premature, given the age of the subjects, and drew attention to several studies that have shown subtle but consistent deficits in cognitive and attentional processes in 6-and 7-year-old children (302). These effects may become more prominent as development continues and may persist into adulthood. Others criticized the attempt to isolate cocaine exposure from all other associated risk factors from a public health perspective, prenatal cocaine exposure clusters with other risk factors, such as poor caregiving, child maltreatment, domestic violence, and prenatal exposure to other substances (303). Furthermore, the selection criteria narrowed the total articles reviewed to under half of the 74 articles found. Others suggested that the study had been misinterpreted (304). 

When a child has febrile convulsions the decision to embark on continuous prophylaxis is serious for the child, and depends on an assessment of risk factors, e.g. age, nature and duration of the fits. Most children who have febrile convulsions do not develop epilepsy. Prolonged drug therapy, e.g. with phenytoin or phenobarbitone, has been shown to interfere with cognitive development, the effect persisting for months after the drug is withdrawn. Parents may be supplied with a specially formulated solution of diazepam for rectal administration (absorption from a suppository is too slow) for easy and early administration, and advised on managing fever, e.g. use paracetamol at the first hint of fever, and tepid sponging. 

Giotakos, O., Bonrtsonkli, R, Paraskeyopoulou, T., Spandoni, R, Stas-inos, S., Boulongouri, D., Spirakon, E. Prevalence and risk factors of HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C in a forensic population of rapists and child molesters. Epidem. Infect. 2003 130 497-500... 

Wilson MR, Hertzmark E, Walker AM, Childs-Shaw K, Epstein DL (1987) A case-control study of risk factors in open angle glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol 105 1066-1071. 

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