Open-angle glaucoma

There are two major types of glaucoma open-angle glaucoma, which accounts for most cases and is therefore the focus of this chapter, and closed-angle glaucoma. 

Glaucoma,open-angle Ophthalmic,Topical Instill 1 dropofO.IXsolutioninaffected eye(s) ql2h. 

Open-angle glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, preoperatively to lower Intraocular pressure (IOP), edema due to CHF, drug-induced edema, centrencephalic epilepsy Glaucoma... 

Acetazolamide (Diamox) is used in the treatment of simple (open-angle) glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, and preoiteratively in acute angle-closure glaucoma when delay of surgery is desired to lower the IOP These dru ... 

Brimonidine tartrate is an alph -adrenergic receptor agonist used to lower IOP in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. This drug acts to reduce aqueous humor production and increase the outflow of aqueous humor. 

Except for dorzolamide and brinzolamide, carbonic anhy-drase inhibitors are administered systemically. Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme found in many tissues of the body, including the eye Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in Hie eye decreases aqueous humor secretion, resulting in a decrease of IOE These drugs are used in the treatment of elevated IOP seen in open-angle glaucoma... 

Identify risk factors for the development of chronic open-angle glaucoma and acute angle-closure glaucoma. 

Patients with ocular hypertension or primary open-angle glaucoma typically have a slow, insidious loss of vision. This is contrasted by the course of acute primary angle-closure glaucoma which can lead to rapid vision loss that develops over hours to days. 

Since primary open-angle glaucoma is a chronic, often asymptomatic condition, the decision of when and how to treat... 

Clinical Presentation of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma ... 

TABLE 58-3. Topical Drugs Used in the Treatment of Open-Angle Glaucoma (Continued)... 

FIGURE 58-4. Algorithm for the pharmacotherapy of open-angle glaucoma. aFourth-line agents not commonly used any longer. 

PACG primary angle-closure glaucoma POAG primary open-angle glaucoma... 

American Academy of Ophthalmology Glaucoma Panel. Primary Open Angle. San Francisco American Academy of Ophthalmology, 2005. 

Tripathi RC, Tripathi BJ, Haggerty C. Drug-induced glaucomas mechanism and management. Drug Saf 2003 26 749-767. Weinreb RN, Khaw PT. Primary open-angle glaucoma. Lancet 2004 363 1711-1720. 

POAG Primary open-angle glaucoma RR Respiratory rate recovery room... 

In open-angle glaucoma, the specific cause of optic neuropathy is unknown. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) was historically considered to be the sole cause. Additional contributing factors include increased susceptibility of the optic nerve to ischemia, reduced or dysregulated blood flow, excitotoxicity, autoimmune reactions, and other abnormal physiologic processes. 

Open-angle glaucoma is slowly progressive and is usually asymptomatic until the onset of substantial visual field loss. Central visual acuity is maintained, even in late stages. 

TREATMENT OF OCULAR HYPERTENSION AND OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA... 

Q84 In patients with a history of asthma, latanoprost is a preferred first-line treatment in open-angle glaucoma. Latanaprost is available as eye drops and once-daily application in the evening is recommended. 

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