Children pulmonary

Raizenne M, Neas LM, Damokosh Al, Dockery DW, Spengler JD, Koutrakis P, Ware JH, Speizer FE (1996) Health effects of acid aerosols on North American children Pulmonary function. Environ Health Perspect, 104(5) 506-514. 

SAFETY PROFILE Poison by subcutaneous, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion. Human (child) pulmonary system effects by ingestion. Human systemic effects decreased body temperature, cardiac arrhythmias. An experimental teratogen. Other experimental reproductive effects. See also ATROPINE. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NOx and SOx. 

Mineral Oil Hydraulic Fluids. Lipoid pneumonia with marked interstitial pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis was observed in a child accidentally ingesting a lethal dose of automotive transmission fluid (Perrot and Palmer 1992). Although the exact composition of the hydraulic fluid was not reported, it is assumed to be a mineral oil hydraulic fluid because automotive transmission fluids typically contain... 

But every year the population of Ukraine diminishes approximately on half-million persons, more anxious data about child s death rate and morbidity. In Dnepropetrovsk to the end reasons are not found out of epidemic growth in the last years of quantity of pulmonary diseases. It is possible to consider as results of biotesting periodically intensifyed tendency to disappearance of populyatsii of sparrows in the center of city, Lately the complete disappearance is noticed practically in the town of cockroaches. But, speak, they are led even in the nuclear reactor... 

Numerous case studies have described death following the accidental ingestion of kerosene by children (usually under the age of 5 but as old 15 years). The deaths are usually attributed to lipoidal pneumonia (Morrison and Sprague 1976 Santhanakrishnan and Chithra 1978 Zucker et al. 1986) that was probably induced by the aspiration of the kerosene. Specific respiratory effects associated with death from kerosene ingestion include pneumothorax (Mahdi 1988 Zucker et al. 1986), emphysema (Mahdi 1988), and pneumonitis (Singh et al. 1981). Cardiac arrhythmia was reported as the cause of death in one child however, it was suspected that myocarditis and pulmonary edema may have been the cause of the rapid deterioration and death of the child (Dudin et al. 1991). 

Barter RA, Byrne MJ, Carter RE. 1966. Pulmonary hyaline membrane Late results of injury to the lung linings. Arch Dis Child 41(219) 489-495. 

GiammonaST. 1967. Effects of furniture polish on pulmonary surfactant. Am J Dis Child 113 658-663. 

Bindl L, Fahnenstich H, Peukert U. Aerosolised prostacyclin for pulmonary hypertension in neonates. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 1994 71(3) F214-6. 

Inman WH, Vessey MP. Investigation of deaths from pulmonary, coronary, and cerebral thrombosis and embolism in women of child-bearing age. BMJ 1968 2(599) 193-9. 

Pirot AL, Goldsmith D, Pascasio J, Beck SE. Pulmonary capillaritis with hemorrhage due to propylthiouracil therapy in a child. Pediatr Pulmonol 2005 39(l) 88-92. 

Freedman MH, Grisaru D, Olivieri N, etal. Pulmonary syndrome in patients with thalassemia major receiving intravenous deferoxamine infusions. Am J Dis Child 1990 144 565-569. 

Coutinho MB, Duarte 1. Hydroxychloroquine ototoxicity in a child with idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2002 62(l) 53-7. 

The safety of gadobenate dimeglumine has been evaluated in 2367 adults aged 18-88 years and 173 children. The overall incidence of adverse events was 20%. Events related to the contrast agent were reported in 15 % of the adults. Most of the adverse events were mild and transient and resolved spontaneously. Headache, injection site reactions, nausea, taste disturbance, and vasodilatation were the most common, with frequencies of 1.0-2.6%. Serious adverse events potentially related to the contrast agent were reported in 0.2%. These events included laryngospasm, which developed 10 minutes after the contrast injection in a 51-year-old woman, severe vomiting in a 5-year-old child, and pulmonary edema in a 65-year-old patient. 

Argent A, Hatherill M, Reynolds L, Purves L. Fulminant pulmonary oedema after administration of a balanced electrolyte polyethylene glycol solution. Arch Dis Child 2002 86(3) 209. 

A child who underwent induction of anesthesia with halothane developed hiccups associated with pulmonary edema (17). 

An 8-year-old girl with a history of seizures and cerebral ischemic strokes secondary to moyamoya disease underwent anesthetic induction with halothane and 70% nitrous oxide. She had had three previous uneventful anesthetics. Hiccups started within seconds of induction of anesthesia and did not cease until 20 minutes later, when she was paralysed, intubated, and ventilated. During the next 20 minutes a period of hemodynamic instability ensued, with increasing oxygen requirements. The procedure was stopped and pulmonary edema was confirmed on chest X-ray. The child was transferred to the intensive care unit and ventilated overnight. Further recovery was uneventful. 

Hiccups during anesthesia are often thought to be benign. Negative pressure pulmonary edema is usually associated with an obstructed airway, as occurs with laryngospasm, or other causes of upper airway obstruction, but was presumably the cause in this child. 

Stuth EA, Stucke AG, Berens RJ. Negative-pressure pulmonary edema in a child with hiccups during induction. Anesthesiology 2000 93(l) 282-4. 

In a randomized, controlled study in 56 patients with untreated antoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura, who were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin 0.7 g/kg/day for 3 days, one had a deep vein thrombosis complicated by pulmonary embolism (49). One of 10 children with toxic epidermal necrolysis, for which they were given intravenous immunoglobulin 0.5 g/kg/day, developed a deep vein thrombosis requiring heparin (50). Of the 10 children, this child was the only one who received intravenous immunoglobulin for 7 days instead of the standard 4-day course. 

Venous intravasation occurs rarely during lumbar myelography pulmonary oil embolization has resulted and has also been described after ventriculography with iofendylate in a hydrocephalic child with a ventriculovenous shunt. In that case the symptoms were mild, but the agent can obstruct the valve and in any patient the medium should therefore be removed at the completion of the procedure. 

Other case reports of interest include pulmonary eosino-philia in association with montelukast (13) and the clinical exacerbation of ulcerative colitis in a patient with steroid-dependent asthma after the introduction of zafirlukast (14). Drug-induced lupus syndrome has been reported in a child with an onset 10 days after beginning treatment with zafirlukast. The child had not been taking oral glucocorticoids (15). 

Unusually, a mother and her child died after repeated administration of a local anesthetic for cesarean section pulmonary edema was believed to have been the cause (122). 

Wilkinson AR, Aynsley-Green A, Mitchell MD. Persistent pulmonary hypertension and abnormal prostaglandin E levels in preterm infants after maternal treatment with naproxen. Arch Dis Child 1979 54(12) 942-5. 

It can never be emphasized enough that the eyes are a potential route for systemic drug administration. This has been illustrated by a British case of pulmonary edema in a child, apparently attributable to systemic absorption of phenylephrine eye-drops (1). 

A child developed cardiac dysrhythmias, severe hypertension, and pulmonary edema after the intraoperative administration of ocular phenylephrine (1). 

A 2-month-old child given perioperative phenylephrine drops during cataract extraction developed ventricular extra beats, very severe hypertension, and pulmonary edema requiring intensive therapy (5). Extubation was possible within 3 hours, and she recovered with no untoward consequences. 

Baldwin FJ, Morley AP. Intraoperative pulmonary oedema in a child following systemic absorption of phenylephrine eyedrops. Br J Anaesth 2002 88(3) 440-2. 

Greher M, Hartmann T, Winkler M, Zimpfer M, Crabnor CM. Hypertension and pulmonary edema associated with subconjunctival phenylephrine in a 2-month-old child during cataract extraction. Anesthesiology 1998 88(5) 1394-6. 

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