Cesarean sections

HCDD. Administration of 0.1-100 / g HCDD/kg/day was associated with a dose-related decrease in maternal weight-gain during gestation. Gross necropsy examination at the time of cesarean section revealed evidence of maternal toxicity only among dams receiving 100 /xg/kg/day (pale, friable liver 3/20 dams serous atrophy of fat, 1/20 dams). 

Misoprostol (Cytotec) Mastitis 25 meg intravaginally every 3-6 hours Contraindicated if previous cesarean section... 

Herpes simplex virus may be transmitted to the neonate if active vaginal lesions or the prodrome is present at the time of birth. Consequently, cesarean section often is recommended for these women. Vaginal delivery is indicated if vaginal lesions or the prodrome are not present. 

Systematic review concludes that misoprostol shows greater efficacy versus dinoprostone, but this benefit is offset by a greater incidence of side effects.46 Compared with dinoprostone, misoprostol is associated with a higher incidence of uterine hyperstimulation, alterations in fetal heart rate, and fetal distress.46 Misoprostol also has been associated with uterine rupture in patients with previous delivery by cesarean section and should be avoided in this population.44... 

Gynecologic history surgery (direct injury vs. denervation), radiation (direct injury) Childbirth (vaginal vs. cesarean section),... 

Women who are pregnant may transmit the virus to the neonate during delivery. There are two management strategies cesarean section and antiviral therapy. A few studies indicate that acyclovir 200 mg 4 times daily can be effective. 

Cesarean section Cefazolin 1-2 g IV, ampicillin/sulbactam 3 g IV See hysterectomy... 

Risk factors for venous thromboembolism in pregnancy include increasing age, history of thromboembolism, hypercoagulable conditions, operative vaginal delivery or cesarean section, obesity, and a family history of thrombosis. 

Cesarean section Enteric gram-negative bacilli, anaerobes, group B streptococci, enterococci Cefazolin 2 g x 1 Can be given before initial incision or after cord is clamped IA... 

Antibiotics are efficacious to prevent SSIs for women undergoing cesarean section regardless of underlying risk factors. 

Epidural administration in cesarean section. cDental anesthesia. 

The order of sacrifice on the day of cesarean sectioning should be balanced by group (again using random permutations) since fetuses continue to grow during the day and an unbalanced time of sacrifice would bias fetal weights, particularly for rodents. Alternatively, all animals can be killed at about the same time in the... 

FIGURE 8.4. Effect of litter size on mean percentage preimplantation loss in 1035 control rat litters. Between 1970 and 1988, 1035 control rats were cesarean sectioned on Day 20 of gestation and the numbers of resorptions and implants were counted. Numbers within the bars indicate number of litters. 

Cesarean section 10 mg. DepoDwr should not be administered to women for vaginal labor and delivery. 

Initiation of therapy - App y one system to the postauricular skin (ie, behind the ear) at least 4 hours before the antiemetic effect is required. To prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting, apply the patch the evening before scheduled surgery. To minimize exposure of the newborn baby to the drug, apply the patch 1 hour prior to cesarean section. Scopolamine approximately 1 mg will be delivered over 3 days. Wear only one disc at a time. Do not cut the patch. 

Cesarean section 2 g single dose after clamping cord or 1 g doses after clamping cord repeated at 8 and 16 h. 

Cesarean section Administer the first 1 g dose IV as soon as the umbilical cord is clamped. Administer the second and third doses as 1 g IV or IM at 6- and 12-hour intervals after the first dose. 

Prophylaxis-To prevent postoperative infection in clean contaminated or potentially contaminated surgery in adults, give a single 1 or 2 g IV dose 30 to 60 minutes prior to surgery. In patients undergoing cesarean section, give the dose as soon as the umbilical cord is clamped. 

Up to 15% of premature infants and even some babies delivered by cesarean section have inadequate levels of surfactant, producing respiratory distress syndrome, which is characterized by cyanosis and symptoms of labored breathing. 

Treatment options include corticosteroid administration to the mother prior to a cesarean section to induce surfactant production, direct tracheal instillation of surfactant, and in the most severe cases, mechanical ventilation. 

Ngan Kee WD, Khaw KS, Ma ML, et al (1997) Postoperative analgesic requirement after cesarean section a comparison of anesthetic induction with ketamine or thiopental. Anesth Analg 85 1294-1298... 

Epidural anesthesia is especially useful in obstetrics. Excellent analgesia occurs and the patient remains awake. Analgesia by the epidural route can be provided for labor and delivery or for cesarean section. Bupivacaine in lower concentrations has the advantage of providing excellent analgesia while minimally reducing motor strength. 

Rats are sacrificed on gestation day 20. Fetuses are removed by cesarean section after noting the number of resorptions, implantations, and normal fetuses. The size, weight, and any abnormality of each fetus are noted. Two-thirds of the fetuses are eviscerated and then preserved in absolute alcohol for staining with Alizarin Red S for skeletal assessment. The other one-third of the fetuses is fixed in Allen s modification of Bonin s fluid for slicing with a razor blade (Wilson s Technique) to evaluate visceral anomalies. 

Procedures following abortion In case of heavy vaginal bleeding, an additional ultrasound examination is performed to check the pregnancy status. A second ultrasound is performed to confirm abortion and if a dead fetus is still present in utero, a cesarean section is performed. 

Animal suppliers can be a source of historical control data, although it is usually limited, since they do not typically perform cesarean sections or fetal or pup evaluations, but they may compile some natural delivery data such as litter size and fertility rates in breeding colonies. This type of data can be useful when a laboratory is attempting to gain a basic understanding of the reproductive performance of a species/strain, or gather information about a particular supplier or supplier site with which they are not familiar. 

Species Laboratory Cesarean-section day Number of studies Number of fetuses Number of litters Mean SD Min Max Mean SD Min Max... 

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