Chemokine receptors expression

Although leukocytes continue to be the major site of expression of chemokine receptors, several studies have recently demonstrated chemokine receptor expression on neurons in the CNS. 

Suppression of chemokine receptor expression by RNA interference allows for inhibition of HIV-1 replication, AIDS 16 2385-2390... 

Allie R, Hu L, MuUen KM, Dhib-Jalbut S, Calabresi PA (2005) Bystander modulation of chemokine receptor expression on peripheral blood T lymphocytes mediated by glatiramer therapy. Arch Neurol 62 889-894... 

Glabinski AR, O Bryant S, Selmaj K, Ransohoff RM (2000) CXC chemokine receptors expression during chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyehtis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 917 135-144... 

CaUebaut C, Jacotot E, Blanco J et al (1998) Increased rate of HIV-1 entry and its cytopathic effect in CD4+/CXCR4+ T cells expressing relatively high levels of CD26. Exp Cell Res 241 352-362 Campbell JJ, Qin S, Unutmaz D et al (2001) Unique subpopulations of CD56+ NK and NK-T peripheral blood lymphocytes identified by chemokine receptor expression repertoire. J Immunol 166 6477-6482... 

Westmoreland SV, Rottman JB, Williams KC, Lackner AA, Sasseville VG (1998) Chemokine receptor expression on resident and inflammatory cells in the brain of macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus encephalitis. Am J Pathol 152 659-665 White FA, Jung H, Miller RJ (2007) Chemokines and the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104 20151-20158... 

Tran PB, Ren D, Veldhouse TJ, Miller RJ (2004) Chemokine receptors are expressed widely by embryonic and adult neural progenitor cells. J Neurosci Res 76 20-34 Tran PB, Banisadr G, Ren D, Chenn A, Miller RJ (2007) Chemokine receptor expression by neural progenitor cells in neurogenic regions of mouse brain. J Comp Neurol 500 1007-1033 U eyler N, Sommer C (2008) Cytokine regulation in animal models of neuropathic pain and in human diseases. Neurosci Lett 437 194-198... 

Opioid regulation of chemokine and chemokine receptor expression has several disease- related implications. Viral infection by HIV-1 can be enhanced with opioids that activate MOR while the opposite can be true for opioids that activate KOR. Increased levels of HIV-1 coreceptors, such as CCR5 and CXCR4, can promote viral binding and trafficking of HIV-1 virally infected cells. It is likely that this allows the viral disease to progress in the immune cells of the blood in addition to neurological reservoirs. Alterations of chemokine receptor expression will not only affect viral infection, but also alter immune system function. In certain diseases... 

Apart from their role in regulating chemokine signaling, opioids can also modulate chemokine or chemokine receptor expression levels in the brain. Studies suggest that morphine can alter the gene expression of both a and p chemokines and their... 

Jawa RS, Quaid GA, Williams MA, et al. Tumor necrosis factor alpha regulates CXC chemokine receptor expression and function. Shock 1999 11 385-390. 

Sallusto F, Kremmer E, Palermo B, et al. Switch in chemokine receptor expression upon TCR stimulation reveals novel homing potential for recently activated T cells. Eur J Immunol 1999 29 2037-2045. 

Rivino L, Messi M, Jarrossay D, Lanzavecchia A, Sallusto F, Geginat J. Chemokine receptor expression identifies Pre-T helper (Th)l, Pre-Th2, and nonpolarized cells among human CD4+ central memory T cells. J Exp Med 2004 200 725-735. 

Sallusto F, Lenig D, Mackay CR, Lanzavecchia A. Flexible programs of chemokine receptor expression on human polarized T helper 1 and 2 lymphocytes. J Exp Med 1998 187 875-883. 

Syrbe U, Siveke J, Hamann A. Thl/Th2 subsets distinct differences in homing and chemokine receptor expression Springer Semin Immunopathol 1999 21 263-1285. 

Sallusto F, Lanzavecchia A. Understanding dendritic cell and T-lymphocyte traffic through the analysis of chemokine receptor expression. Immunol Rev 2000 177 134-140. 

Shahrara S, Amin MA, Woods JM, Haines GK, Koch AE. Chemokine receptor expression and in vivo signaling pathways in the joints of rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2003 48(12) 3568-3583. 

Haas CS, Martinez RJ, Attia N, Haines GK 3rd, Campbell PL, Koch AE. Chemokine receptor expression in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2005 52( 12) 3718-3730. 

Ruth JH, Rottman JB, Katschke KJ Jr, et al. Selective lymphocyte chemokine receptor expression in the rheumatoid joint. Arthritis Rheum 2001 44(12) 2750-2760. 

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