Chemical textile mills

Foam Fractionation. An interesting experimental method that has been performed for wastewater treatment of disperse dyes is foam fractionation (88). This method is based on the phenomenon that surface-active solutes collect at gas—Hquid iaterfaces. The results were 86—96% color removal from a brown disperse dye solution and 75% color removal from a textile mill wastewater. Unfortunately, the necessary chemical costs make this method relatively expensive (see Foams). 

Very high temperature-rise permissible limits of resistance units render them unsuitable for installations which are fire-prone, such its pulp and paper industries, chemical industries, refineries, textile mills, etc. For specific iipphcations and surroundings, however, resistance design can be altered (derated) to restrict the temperature rise to within desirable limits. 

The most likely source of acrylonitrile in water is industrial discharges. Levels of acrylonitrile measured in the effluents from a variety of industrial sites (iron and stell factories, textile mills, chemical plants) have ranged from 20 to 4,700 ppb, resulting in concentrations in nearby rivers ranging from below detection limits to 4,300 ppb (EPA 1983c). Data collected under SARA indicated total discharges to water during 1987 were 0.9 metric tons (TRI 1988). 

Referring back to Fig. 16.1, we see that the value of U.S. shipments for cellulosic and noncellulosic fibers, though quite small compared to plastics, is still a big industry. While Plastics Materials and Resins (NAICS 325211) in 1998 was 44.9 billion, Noncellulosic Fibers (NAICS 325222) was 10.5 billion and Cellulosic Fibers (NAICS 325221) was 1.5 billion. These two fibers together have a 12.0 billion value, which is 3% of Chemical Manufacturing. We must also remember that many of these fibers are sold outside the chemical industry, such as in Textile Mill Products, Apparel, and Furniture, all large segments of the economy. The importance of fibers is obvious. In 1920 U.S. per capita use was 30 Ib/yr, whereas in 1990 it was 66 Ib/yr. From 1920 to 1970 the most important fiber by far was cotton. 

Phenolic wastes are one of the most prevalent forms of chemical pollutants in industry today. The major sources of phenolic waste are insulation fiberglass manufacturing, petroleum refineries, textile mills, steel making, plywood, hardboard production, manufacture of organic chemicals, paint stripping, and wood preservatives. Eisenhauer (1964) first studied oxidation of phenolic wastes with Fenton s reagent. It has been demonstrated that the oxidation of phenol involves the intermediate formation of catechol and hydroquinone (Merz and Waters, 1949 Stein and Weiss, 1951 Wieland and... 

Environmental Pollution Control. The importance of chemical oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds lies in its application to treatment of wastes-treams from municipal sewage systems, acid mine drainage and industrial plants such as tanneries, paper and pulp mills, oil refineries and textile mills. 

Early in the manufacture of PP, a concept was developed for dry spinning directly from the solution obtained in the polymerization operation. Had it been feasible, it would have been the realization of a chemical engineer s dream the gaseous olefin fed into one end of the equipment, and the packaged fiber, ready for shipment to a textile mill, coming out the other end. But it did not turn out that way, and today melt spinning is the accepted technique for the production of staple fibers, monofilament, and multifilament yams. To this usual method have been added the fibrillation and the slit film procedures for producing yams. 

Bohemian textile mill. This mill suffers from the lack of process water, particularly in summer montlis, and for this reason it is not feasible to further increase the production capacity there. Nowadays, the deficiency in technological water is some 500 cu.m daily. The mill produces wastewaters from the dyehouse, finishing room, and printing room. A part of the wastewaters is treated on a chemical system in the local treatment plant, a part of the wastewaters is discharged... 

Appendix E, Chemical oxidation with chlorine for organic and inorganic wastes. Appendix G, Chemical oxidation with ozone for textile mills (woven fabric finishing). Appendix H, Chemical oxidation with ozone for adhesive and sealants industry. 

Chemical Oxidation (Ozonation) Used in Textile Mills (Woven Fabric Finishing) TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY Chemical Oxidation (Ozone)... 

Sulfates are discharged into water from mines and smelters, and from kraft pulp and paper mills, textile mills, and tanneries. Atmospheric sulfur dioxide, formed by the combustion of fossil fuels and by metallurgical roasting processes, may contribute to the sulfate content of surface waters. Sulfur trioxide, produced by the photolytic or catalytic oxidation of sulfur dioxide, combines with water vapor to form dilute sulfuric acid, which falls as acid rain . The environmental fate and transport of sulfate are inextricably linked to the physical and chemical processes active in the earth s sulfur cycle. 

In the Philippines, about 69% of the total 15,000 industrial firms are located in Metro Manila. These include industries such as textile mills, chemical factories, paper mills, distilleries, food manufacturing plants, plastic plants, soap and detergent factories and tanneries. As a result, four major river systems—the Pasig, Tullahan-Tenejeros, San Juan and Paranaque-Zapote Rivers—are now biologically dead. The same problems exist in various riverine systems in other parts of the country. 

Segregation of Waste Streams — The segregation of waste streams permits recovery of heavy metals, caustic recovery and reuse, and control of toxic spills (such as dieldrin used for moth-proofing). Many of the older textile mills have a common collection system with chemical reuse, but the modem mills have a segregated collection system to permit chemical recovery and reuse. 

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