Moth proofing

Although statutory standards for List II substances have yet to be set in UK legislation, the Government Advice note Circular 7/89 sets out EQSs for a number of List II substances which are being applied as if they were statutory. Cyfluthrin and permethrin have agricultural approvals, but their detection in the environment is mainly associated with discharges from the moth-proofing industry. 

Developed by Hirano et al. [30], empenthrin (20), the most volatile among the existing pyrethroids, has been in broad practical use as a moth-proofing agent. It is noted that a hint for empenthrin was taken from a-ethynyl furamethrin and acyclic alcohol ester obtained in the course of studies on the synthesis of furamethrin. 

Children are exposed to 1,4-diehlorobenzene primarily by inhalation of vapors from toilet deodorants, moth proofing crystals and moth balls used in the home or by consumption of moth balls. Consumption of 1,4-dichlorobenzene in foods (See Section 5.4.4) and drinking water (See Section 5.4.2) contaminated with 1,4-dichlorobenzene is thought to be a minor exposure pathway. There have been no body burden measurements made on children. 

The global production of aldrin and dieldrin decreased from 20,000 tons in 1971 to less than 2500 tons in 1984 (WHO, 1989). In 1972, USEPA discontinued all but three specific uses of these compounds for subsurface termite control, dipping of nonfood plant roots and tops, and moth-proofing in manufacturing processes in closed systems (USEPA, 2003). In China, aldrin and dieldrin were produced on a small scale for research purposes and were regarded as not used (Wong et al., 2005). They were banned in China in 1983. 

In complete contrast to the chance discovery of lindane, Muller s discovery of the insecticidal activity of DDT in 1939 was the culmination of a more or less rational application of experience and intuition in the development and improvement of existing moth-proofing agents based on chlorinated benzenes. 

Twisting and warping oil with insecticide assists moth-proofing for wool- and wool blend yarns. 

Use Moth-proofing, insecticide, intermediate for pharmaceuticals, dyes, pesticides. 

Use Printing and dyeing woolens, moth-proofing, halogenation catalyst. 

Use Moth-proofing and insecticides, also to obtain acid medium in dyebath. 

Use Concrete hardener, laundry sour, preservative, moth-proofing agents. 

Woollen and worsted yams, unless dry spun contain significant amount of lubricating oil and are usually scoured in hank form in a continuous scouring machine. The hanks are transported through the scouring sets either by tape (Fig. 5-21) system or by battrices (Fig. 5-22). Usually, the sets have four bowls two scour bowls, one rinse bowl and a final bowl where acidification and moth proofing is carried out. There is a pair of squeeze roller between each bowl. The top roller is usually lapped with wool or cotton sliver and the bottom roller is made of metal. Pressure is applied to have an expression of about 60%. The characteristic features of the two types of machines are summerised in Table 5.2. It is normal to scour only 1-2... 

ORIGIN/INDUSTRY SOURCES/USES manufacture of industrial and agricultural products intermediate in chemical industry feedstock to manufacture 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and its derivatives (germicides, soil sterilants) moth proofing antiseptics seed disinfectants organic synthesis... 

OTHER COMMENTS used in the formulation of pesticides used in the manufacture of flea powders, fly sprays, and moth-proofing agents used as an application on agricultural crops and livestock. 

Clothes-moth [13,175,269,270] larvae attack wool with a mixture of enzymes that catalyze the reduction of cystine residue disulfide cross-links and the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. Wool is usually moth-proofed by treatment with insecticides that are absorbed like dyes and show similar fastness. The wool textile industry applies insect-resistant agents mainly to carpet wools, which account for about 85% of the treated wool. Insect-resistant agents are of two classes those which have been developed specifically for use on wool, and those which consist of agricultural insecticides that have been specially formulated for use with wool. The former group is usually polychlorinated aromatic compounds, and the latter group is based on synthetic pyrethroid insecticides. 

Segregation of Waste Streams — The segregation of waste streams permits recovery of heavy metals, caustic recovery and reuse, and control of toxic spills (such as dieldrin used for moth-proofing). Many of the older textile mills have a common collection system with chemical reuse, but the modem mills have a segregated collection system to permit chemical recovery and reuse. 

Acharya, C.W. Joshi, V. Synthesis of Substituted Benzyl 2-methyl-2-phenylptopyl Ethers and Their Moth-Proofing Activity on Wool Against harvm of Anthrenus fasciatus. Pesticide Science, No.8,1999, vol. 55, 850-856. 

Use As moth proofing agent for keratin-containing matl. ( 75). 

According to a patent of J. W. Brow ll, - it is claimed that wool can l >e rendered moth-proof by treating ith an aqueous solution containing urea, foiTnaldehyde and glycerin. The wet fabric is oven-dried and finally subjected to a scouring treatment. The treating solution may be acidified with boric, acetic or formic acid or with sodium bisulfite. 

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