Total indicator

The acidity constant for an acid-base indicator was determined by preparing three solutions, each of which has a total indicator concentration of 5.00 X 10- M. The first solution was made strongly acidic with HCl and has an absorbance of 0.250. The second solution was made strongly basic and has an absorbance of 1.40. The pH of the third solution was measured at 2.91, with an absorbance of 0.662. What is the value of K, for the indicator ... 

An indicator result could, for instance, be compared to the total indicator value in an area, or to the average indicator value per inhabitant per year. Other common methods are to compare with national reduction targets and with damage costs from emissions and resource depletion. Sometimes these are weighed across impact categories made by expert panels. However, some studies using this technique would not meet the requirement of transparency for the weighting process set by ISO. 

Figure 12-6G. AJAX APV-1000, high-efficiency compressor valve. Suction and discharge losses are 4-8% compared to conventional valves with losses of 6-20% as a percentage of the total indicated horsepower. (Used by permission Bui. 2-214. Cooper-...

Check total indicated runout (TIR) of the pump shaft by placing a magnetic base-mounted dial indicator on the pump housing and a dial stem on the shaft. Zero the dial and rotate the pump shaft one full turn. Record reading (Figure 56.7). 

Install a dial indicator with the stem against the shoulder of the shaft. Use a soft hammer or mallet to lightly tap the shaft on one end and then on the other. Total indicated end play should be between 0.001 and 0.004 inches. A mechanical seal cannot work properly with a large amount of end play or lateral movement. If the hydraulic condition changes (as frequently happens), the shaft could float, resulting in sealing problems. Minimum end play is a desirable condition for the following reasons ... 

With the pump stuffing box cover bolted down, clamp the dial indicator to the shaft with the stem against the face of the stuffing box. The total indicator runout should not exceed 0.003 inches. 

With the dial indicator set up as described above, place the indicator stem well into the bore of the stuffing box. The stuffing box should be concentric to the shaft axis to within a 0.005 inch total indicator reading. 

TIR total indicator reading WPC world product code... 

Even if quantitative results are more often expected for wastewater quality measurement, qualitative information is of great interest, as is the case for other applications of the analytical sciences (in the health sector, the use of test kits and biodiagnostic systems leads to quick and useful information, often far from a classical analytical result). In fact, quantitative analysis gives the concentration not only of one substance, but also of a group of comparable substances (surfactants, PAH,...), and even the value of a specific (TOC, TKN,...) or aggregate (BOD, COD, toxicity,...) parameter. In this context, total indices are often proposed as parameters complementary to classical analytical results [1]. 

The equilibrium constant for this reaction depends on the stability constants of the ionophore-M+ complexes and on the distribution of ions in aqueous test solution and organic membrane phases. For a membrane of fixed composition exposed to a test solution of a given pH, the optical absorption of the membrane depends on the ratio of the protonated and deprotonated indicator which is controlled by the activity of M+ in the test solution (H,tq, is fixed by buffer). By using a to represent the fraction of total indicator (Ct) in the deprotonated form ([C]), a can be related to the absorbance values at a given wavelength as... 

Provisions shall be made for centering the seal gland and/or chamber with either an inside or outside diameter register fit. The register fit surface shall be concentric to the shaft and shall have a total indicated runout of not more... 

Both faces of thrust collars shall have a surface finish of not more than 0.4 pm (16 pin.) R, and, after mounting, the axial total indicated runout of either face shall not exceed 13 pm (0.0005 in.). 

Pump shafts less than 100 mm (4 in.) diameter shall be machined or ground and finished throughout their entire length. The total indicated run-out shall not exceed 4 Tm per 100 mm (0.0005 in. per ft) of length. Total run-out shall not exceed 80 pm (0.003 in.) over total shaft length. 

The shaft total indicated mnont shall not exceed 50 jm (0.002 in.) as measnred on the shaft directly above the mechanical seal or staffing box. 

Baena, J.R. and M. Valcarcel. 2003. Total indices in analytical sciences. Trends Anal. Chem. 22 641—646. 

Indicator Range.—If, as on page 287, it is assumed that the color of the ionized form In is barely visible when 9 per cent of the total indicator is in this form, i.c., when a is 0.09, it follows from equation (19) that the limiting hydrogen ion activity at which the indicator will show its acid color, due to HIn, will be given by... 

Solutions containing various concentrations of the acidic indicator HIn (K = 1.42 X 10 ) were prepared in 0.1 M HCl and 0.1 M NaOH. In both media, plots of absorbance at either 430 nm or 570 nm versus the total indicator concentration are nonlinear however, Beer s law is obeyed at both 430 nm and 570 nm for the individual species HIn and In. Hence, if we know the equilibrium concentrations of HIn and In , we could compensate for the fact that dissociation of HIn occurs. Usually, though the individual concentrations are unknown and only the total concentration, c,o,ai = [HInJ + [In ], is known. 

The human studies examining the cancer causing effect of PCBs often have methodological limitations. However, the evidence, taken in totality, indicates a potential cancer causing effect for PCBs. EPA determined that the human data are inadequate, but suggestive, of carcinogenicity (IRIS 2000), and lARC (1987) concluded that the evidence for carcinogenicity to humans is limited. 

The following relationships hold between total indices and the corresponding local indices ... 

The AFP step height repeatability is < 5A on a lpm step height standard. Total indicated runout (TIR) is <10nm for a 10mm profile. The noise floor in closed loop mode is - 4.5A RMS in a cleanroom with 76dBc acoustic noise. In open loop mode, under the same conditions, the noise floor is - 1.5 A RMS. 

One further comment can be made. The hydrogen yield observed for cyclohexane solutions 0.1 M in CH3I is 2.5 (65). This is lower (by 0.8) than the yield observed at similar concentrations of other electron scavengers (Figure 3). The total G(H2) + G(CH 3) 1 Gr(CH4)UnRcaveiiKeabl equals 6.0 which can be compared with the slightly lower totals indicated in Table IV for methyl chloride solutions. Thus, while studies of the effect of methyl iodide on the positive-ion reactions of cyclopropane indicate that the methyl iodide does undergo positive-ion reactions, these reactions do not seem to make more than a relatively minor contribution (possibly — 0.4) to the products under discussion. 

Measurement of total NOj, in the atmosphere provides an important measure of the total oxidized nitrogen content. Concentrations of individual NO species relative to the total indicate the extent of interconversion among species. NO is indeed closer to a conserved quantity than any of its constituent species (Roberts 1995). 

FtGURE 13-3 Chemicat deviations from Beer s law lor unbuffered solutions of the indicator HIn. For the data, see Example 13-1, Note that there are positive deviations at 430 nm and negative deviations at 570 nm. At 430 nm, the absorbance is primariiy due to the ionized In form ot the indicator and is proportional to the fraction ionized, which varies nonlineaiiy with Ihe total indicator concentration. At 570 nm, the absorbance is due principaliy to the undissociated acid HIn, which increases nonlinearly with the total concentration. 

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