Inorganic waste

The influence of human activities in a stream drainage basin can be relatively simple and direct, as in the disposal of soluble organic and inorganic waste, or more subtie and complex, as in the conversion of prairie or forest land to agricultural use. Such effects can be expected to increase as population density and agricultural, industrial, and mining activities increase. 

Wastes from the manufacture, formulation, supply and use (MFSU) of coatings (paints, varnishes and vitreous enamels), adhesive, sealants and printing inks Wastes from the photographic industry Inorganic wastes from thermal processes... 

Inorganic waste with metals from metal treatment and the coating of metals non-ferrous hydro-metallurgy Wastes from shaping and surface treatment of metals and plastics Oil wastes (except edible oils, 0500 and 1200)... 

Inorganic waste with metals from metal treatment and the coating of metals non-ferrous hydro-metallurgy... 

Technology Description Oxidation processes involve the conversion of organics to CO2, H2O, HCl, NO2 and SO3 or the conversion of inorganics to a more desirable form. For both organic and inorganic wastes, the function of chemical oxidation is to... 

Applicability Surface encapsulation (macroencapsulation) is appropriate for both organic and inorganic wastes. 

Inorganic waste Waste material such as sand, salt, iron, calcium, and other mineral materials which are only slightly affected by the action of organisms. Inorganic wastes are chemical substances of mineral origin whereas organic wastes are chemical substances usually of animal or plant origin. 

The only means by which inorganic wastes can be rendered nonhazardous are dilution, isolation (as in deep-well injection), in some cases changes in oxidation state, and neutralization. Acidic wastes made up one-fifth of the injected waste volume and involved one-third of the injection wells in 1983. Most of the volume was from inorganic acids (hydrochloric, sulfuric, and nitric). Acid-base characteristics and neutralization were discussed in detail earlier, so the remainder of this section will focus on heavy metals and other hazardous inorganics (selenium and cyanide). 

The major processes affecting the geochemical fate of hazardous inorganics are acid-base adsorption-desorption, precipitation-dissolution, complexation, hydrolysis, oxidation-reduction, and catalytic reactions. The significance of these processes to inorganic wastes is discussed only briefly here additional information on individual elements is given in Table 20.16. 

Solution B Cyanides, ammonia, and other non-acidic inorganic wastes. 

Performance of the system is not Umited by inorganic waste content of the soil, but the process does not remediate inorganic wastes. Desorption efficiency is affected by the composition of the contaminated soil (i.e., clay content). Moisture content and organic waste concentrations affect treatment efficiency and treatment rate. 

Biovault technology alone is not an effective treatment for creosote- and pentachlorophenol (PCP)-contaminated soils. Inorganic wastes are not typically treatable biologically, and biovault technology may not be practical for contaminants with low rates of degradation or very high volatility, such as vinyl chloride. 

Inorganic wastes, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, pesticides, cyanides, or cor-... 

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