Chemical technology technological improvement

Further reduction of emissions from combustion processes is a key area requiring chemical technology. Improvements in energy, thermal efficiencies and reductions in emissions will be key areas of future chemical engineering expertise. 

Many academic texts are available to teach chemists the fundamental tools of their trade, but few books are designed to give future industrial research and development chemists the knowledge they need to contribute, with confidence and relevance, to the development of new environmentally benign chemical technology. This book aims to be a handbook for those chemists attempting to develop new processes and products for the twenty-first century, which meet the evermore stringent demands of a society that wants new products with improved performance, and with a lower financial and environmental price tag. 

We have given a brief overview of the present state of instrumentation for CL-based analysis. Technological improvements have resulted in ultrasensitive, reliable, and user-friendly system components and instruments. As will be appreciated, the range of instruments offered has become very broad and the purpose of this chapter was not to be comprehensive and to describe all existing instruments or techniques. Readers interested in more details should read technical journals dedicated to clinical, chemical, or biotechnological laboratories or re-... 

Surface Modifications. Basic photopolymer chemistry is also being used for the surface modification of films, textiles fibers, and many other organic-based materials (104). Some of the novel applications of photopolymer technology to surface modification include the design of cell repellent treatments and in photografting of various chemical functionality onto the surface of materials to improve color retention, enhance the adhesion of antistatic chemicals or to improve staining resistance. 

Chemical treatments are commonly applied to imperfect gems to improve appearance and/or enhance the color. Although gem treatment is legal, dealers must disclose whether or not a specific specimen has been treated and what treatment has been applied. As treatment technology improves, the gem industry is increasingly aware of and sensitive to the presence of both disclosed and undisclosed treated gems in the marketplace. Thus, there is a need to be able to reliably detect chemically treated gems with a minimally-destructive technique. 

Improvement in the processing and vulcanized qualities of a range of systems have been reported over the past decades. Modification of natural rubber, due to work in the British Rubber Producers Research Association, yields some of the most striking applications of microgel. A detailed study at the MV Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technology, in Moscow, on the effect of microgels on mechanical properties of cis-polyisoprene and butadiene-styrene rubbers extensively illustrates the properties of blends from latex combination of microgel and conventional or linear systems.(31)... 

Kurreck, J. Antisense Technologies Improvement through Novel Chemical Modifications. European Journal of Biochemistry 270 no. 8 (2003) 1628-1644. 

Much of the twentieth century has been characterized by the use and abuse of chemistry. There is no doubt that advances in chemistry and chemical technology have improved and extended life, but there is also... 

The progress in recombinant technology and molecular design and has allowed development of molecular instead of chemical modification to improve delivery of biopharmaceuticals. Chemical modifications require less effort and time than molecular approaches, which require sequence... 

Thus the integrated application of structure-based design and combinatorial chemical technologies can produce synergistic improvements in the effi-... 

The importance of chemical innovation is not confined to chemical firms. It is equally important to the economy and to society as a whole. New technology provides the major improvements in productivity that help control inflation and that contribute to the nation s economic growth. At the same time, society needs new chemical technology to help solve many of the pressing problems of our time such as energy conservation and supply, production of food, preservation of environmental quality, and control of population growth. 

Nevertheless, there are natural or economic limits to the amount of tailoring possible by use of chemical or physical processes applied to the products per se. There comes a time when these processes can no longer yield products that meet the exacting requirements of the commercial and consumer equipment in which they are to be used. Or there comes a time when these exacting requirements can be met more economically in other ways. Nor does the situation ever become static it continuously becomes more critical as technological improvements in combustion equipment (including the development of new types) intensify old problems or create new ones. 

The chapter, Safety Matrix People Applying Technology to Yield Safe Chemical Plants and Products by Davis of Dow Chemical, is concerned with protecting and improving safety in chemical plants. Dow Chemical has dramatically improved its safety record and seized a leadership position among chemical companies in the past decade. This improvement is not an accident, but the result of a dedicated attitude and systemic application that should be exported to the entire chemical industry. The lessons here would make us all winners and demonstrate that the chemical engineers are the solutions rather than the problems. 

The first prototype of a technologically improved IWAO was developed and tested with a membrane based on a new H+-selective ketocyanine dye and a commercial cadmium ionophore [39]. Its incorporation in an IWAO allows a highly sensitive and portable optical system to be obtained for an situ chemical analysis as well. The authors propose a flow injection analysis (FIA) system for the determination of cadmium in water samples using a cadmium-selective IWAO, as an alternative method to the ones generally used in analytical control laboratories. It permits enhanced sensitive signals in short response times by taking advantage of the very thin membranes deposited over the circuit. 

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