Academic texts

Many academic texts are available to teach chemists the fundamental tools of their trade, but few books are designed to give future industrial research and development chemists the knowledge they need to contribute, with confidence and relevance, to the development of new environmentally benign chemical technology. This book aims to be a handbook for those chemists attempting to develop new processes and products for the twenty-first century, which meet the evermore stringent demands of a society that wants new products with improved performance, and with a lower financial and environmental price tag. 

Academic texts on steam sterilization often state that routine control of steam sterilization processes should concentrate on the measurable detenninams of lethality, temperature and time. Temperature should be monitored at the coldest point, usually in the drain line, but if this is not the coldest spot there should be a floating probe at the coldest spot, or the relationship between the drain line and the coldest spot should have been well established and documented. A permanent record of the temperature throughout the sterilization cycle should be a compulsory feature of all production-scale autoclaves, and this should be inspected in detail for batch release. In practice this is not sufficient to confirm that sterilizing conditions have been attained. 

Take a blank piece of A4 paper and divide it in half. On one side of the paper put the title of the familiar kind of reading, for example a novel on the other side of the paper put the title of the academic text. 

Apart from the minority of cases where one of the above factors is decisive, there is a need to consider both trayed and packed columns. Although distillation is introduced in most academic text-books as a classic example of a stagewise separation process, the majority of new distillation columns in the chemical industry (excluding oil refineries) would now appear to be based on packed columns. 

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