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Chemical lures

Chemical lures, pheromones and feeding attractants and stimulants... [Pg.392]

Chemical lures, based on feeding stimuli, are now on the market as odor-impregnated artificial bait. They are specific for certain predatoiy fish and are extremely effective (Schisler and Bergesen, 1996). Efforts to imderstand improving of feeding attractants and stimulants for economically soimd mariculture started early (Bardach and Villars, 1974). Another obvious application of fish odors is the use of waterborne male and female pheromones to improve spawning in fish in aquaculture. [Pg.392]

There is hope that insect sex lures can be used to disrupt the mating pattern of insects and thereby control insect population. This approach to pest control has important advantages over conventional insecticides in that the chemical lures are specific for a particular species also they are effective in remarkably low concentrations and are relatively nontoxic. There are problems, however, not the least of which is the isolation and identification of the sex attractant that is produced by the insects only in minute quantities. Also, synergistic effects are known to operate in several insect species such that not one but several pheromones act in concert to attract the opposite sex. Two notable pests, the European corn borer and the red-banded leaf roller, both use cis-11-tetradecenyl ethanoate, 32, as the primary sex attractant, but the pure cis isomer is ineffective unless a small amount of trans isomer also is present. The optimum amount appears to be between 4% and 7% of the trans isomer. [Pg.141]

Predatory Fish Responses to Prey Odors (Chemical Lures)... [Pg.10]

Setting minnow traps baited with chemical lure for attracting predatory fish (top), and emptying trap into plastic bag for identification of fish caught overnight... [Pg.10]

Chemical lures impregnated with prey scent have been developed for different species of carnivorous fish. Lures for different game fish species are supposed to contain different chemicals, although usually not revealed on the labels of the products. The artificial lures are made of cellulose ether, a polyalkylene glycol, plasticizers, and other chemicals, and are impregnated with amino acids. [Pg.11]

In a third experiment, we used permeation tubes (HRT type, Kin-tek, Laurel, TX) to slowly release the sulfur compounds ethanethiol, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl sulfide from within traps. We placed permeation tubes (one tube of each chemical) within black-felt covered lure holders within each brown tree snake trap. We set a series of trap-lines adjacent to Scout Beach during August 1997 to examine the attractiveness of these chemicals. We set three chemical lure traps, three live mouse lure traps, and three empty control traps in four trap-lines. Trap-lines were moved daily for four nights to produce 12 trap-nights per treatment. [Pg.652]

Al Ihe beginning of Ihis seclion we noted lhal an NMR speclrum provides slruc lural mformalion based on chemical shift Ihe number of peaks Iheir relative areas and Ihe mulhphcily or splitting of Ihe peaks We have discussed Ihe lirsl Ihree of Ihese fea lures of H NMR speclroscopy Lei s now torn our attention to peak splitting to see whal kind of information il offers... [Pg.535]

With the combined lure of high-margin business and attractive growth prospects, chemical companies of all types and sizes are actively seeking acquisitions. Major firms have been very aggressively acquiring or setting up alliances. [Pg.255]

A second pitfall is to try and list all of the regulatory constraints or lists on which a particular chemical has the misfortune to be found. In this day and age, most chemicals are on one list or another, or if not, one is lured into a false sense of security because the particular chemical of interest appears to be relatively free of potential issues. However, this usually has more to do with the fact that there has not been sufficient testing done on the material to determine its hazard, or it is not made in sufficient volumes to exceed a... [Pg.241]

Having introduced matters pertaining to the electrochemical series earlier, it is only relevant that an appraisal is given on some of its applications. The coverage hereunder describes different examples which include aspects of spontaneity of a galvanic cell reaction, feasibility of different species for reaction, criterion of choice of electrodes to form galvanic cells, sacrificial protection, cementation, concentration and tempera lure effects on emf of electrochemical cells, clues on chemical reaction, caution notes on the use of electrochemical series, and finally determination of equilibrium constants and solubility products. [Pg.650]

In recent years, there is only one example of a pheromone in solitary Apocrita being chemically identified. Chiral GC and chiral GC-EAD provided identification of (3S)-(+)-linalool 8 >99.9% e.e. as a mandibular gland mate attractant in both males and females of Colletes cunicularius. Male contact with a scented source could be initiated with 5 ng per lure (3S)-(+)-linalool, which may act as both a sex attractant and a food attractant [35]. [Pg.145]

Several factors related to chemical structure are known to affect the glass transition tempera lure. The most important factor is chain stiffness or flexibility of the polymer. Main-chain aliphatic groups, ether linkages, and dimethylsiloxane groups build flexibility into a polymer and lower Tg Aliphatic side chains also lower Tg, (he effect of the length of aliphatic groups is illustrated by the methacrylate series (4,38) ... [Pg.17]

The predators discussed up to this point search for prey by using their ability to perceive certain chemical clues. Some unusual predators have evolved the ability to attract their prey with scents that mimic the odor of a valuable resource (see reviews of chemical mimicry in refs. 9 and 39). Several groups of spiders lure male insect prey with scents that mimic the sex pheromone scents of females of the prey species (see reviews in refs. 9,13,40, and 41). To the best of our knowledge, these spiders are the only predators that mimic sex pheromones. However, the spiders share some similarities with the diverse orchids which mimic insect sex pheromones to lure pollinators (9, 42, 43) and with the predatory fireflies, which practice elaborate mimicry of visual sexual signals to lure their prey heterospecific male fireflies (44). [Pg.69]

Food odors are also important as attractants for traps both on their own or in combination with pheromone lures as synergists or additive attractants. Food odors can be used to improve the capture of species that do not have commercially available pheromone lures, of females that do not respond to traps with sex pheromones, and of immature stages. In a number of situations, pheromones combined with food odor are more attractive then either alone (Landolt and Phillips, 1997 Phillips et al., 1993 Trematerra and Girgenti, 1989). Food odor has an advantage over food bait packs because typically the insect is unable to develop on the chemical fraction containing the attractant in contrast to food bait packs. The effectiveness of food attractants can be diminished in environments that contain other food odors. [Pg.261]

Male sand flies release this sex pheromone to attract females for mating. The males attractant is more potent when mingled with odors from a host that can furnish a blood meal, so that a male sand fly is a more efficient lure for females when he is on an appropriate host. This host attractant in humans is some component of skin odor, but its chemical nature is still obscure. Experiments with human volunteers have revealed that individuals have widely differing levels of attraction for sand flies and that a single individual s attractiveness fluctuates over time. Male sand flies respond to these host odors just as females do, even though they do not feed on blood. In this way, flies can meet and mate on a host, and the mated female can proceed to take a blood meal at once in preparation for laying her eggs. [Pg.78]

The lure of new physical phenomena and new patterns of chemical reactivity has driven a tremendous surge in the study of nanoscale materials. This activity spans many areas of chemistry. In the specific field of electrochemistry, much of the activity has focused on several areas (a) electrocatalysis with nanoparticles (NPs) of metals supported on various substrates, for example, fuel-cell catalysts comprising Pt or Ag NPs supported on carbon [1,2], (b) the fundamental electrochemical behavior of NPs of noble metals, for example, quantized double-layer charging of thiol-capped Au NPs [3-5], (c) the electrochemical and photoelectrochemical behavior of semiconductor NPs [4, 6-8], and (d) biosensor applications of nanoparticles [9, 10]. These topics have received much attention, and relatively recent reviews of these areas are cited. Considerably less has been reported on the fundamental electrochemical behavior of electroactive NPs that do not fall within these categories. In particular, work is only beginning in the area of the electrochemistry of discrete, electroactive NPs. That is the topic of this review, which discusses the synthesis, interfacial immobilization and electrochemical behavior of electroactive NPs. The review is not intended to be an exhaustive treatment of the area, but rather to give a flavor of the types of systems that have been examined and the types of phenomena that can influence the electrochemical behavior of electroactive NPs. [Pg.169]

Earlier, we encountered two examples of chemical communication. First, a small family of hydrocarbons secreted by the female brown algae gamete attracts a free-swimming male gamete. Fertilization follows. Second, bombykol, the sex attractant of the female silkworm moth, is a powerful lure for the male moth. What we need to do now is to expand on these examples. Let s begin with olfaction and taste in mammals. Later, we will move to the other end of the evolutionary scale and start with simple, unicellular organisms (the bacteria) and work our way back up. [Pg.354]


See other pages where Chemical lures is mentioned: [Pg.411]    [Pg.433]    [Pg.14]    [Pg.650]    [Pg.651]    [Pg.411]    [Pg.433]    [Pg.14]    [Pg.650]    [Pg.651]    [Pg.305]    [Pg.305]    [Pg.123]    [Pg.23]    [Pg.54]    [Pg.66]    [Pg.92]    [Pg.94]    [Pg.94]    [Pg.113]    [Pg.13]    [Pg.260]    [Pg.278]    [Pg.27]    [Pg.43]    [Pg.102]    [Pg.118]    [Pg.44]    [Pg.161]    [Pg.62]    [Pg.88]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.8 ]




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