Building flexibility

Several factors related to chemical structure are known to affect the glass transition tempera lure. The most important factor is chain stiffness or flexibility of the polymer. Main-chain aliphatic groups, ether linkages, and dimethylsiloxane groups build flexibility into a polymer and lower Tg Aliphatic side chains also lower Tg, (he effect of the length of aliphatic groups is illustrated by the methacrylate series (4,38) ... 

A further tool that was developed to build flexibility into IFOAM standards-setting processes is the development of Criteria for Variation. It is acknowledged by IFOAM that there may be conditions where climatic, geographical, technical problems as well as economic, regulatory or cultural factors may require variation to IBS requirements (IFOAM 2002). 

Shingles can be made from a thin film of amorphous silicon on plastic. They can generate solar electricity for private homes or commercial buildings. Flexible roofing laminates can be designed to be bonded on 0.4 m (16-inch) wide, flat Galvalume pans. A 2.75 m (9 ft) PV roof pan is rated to generate a maximum of 64 watts. 

There are two broad classes of dihedral space models for studying and building flexible chain molecules. The first, known as Rotational Isomeric State Theory (RIS) [25], was developed to study industrial polymers. The second, known as Chain Buildup (CB) [26], was... 

These polyols build flexibility into the polymer molecule. For flexible foam and rubber, typicaUy = 50 to 60. For rigid products, is a much lower value such as 8. 

Reinforced earth is a composite of soil and tensile- or shear-resistant inclusions that function through the agency of direct soil-reinforcement interaction to produce a material having a performance superior to that of soil alone. Reinforced earth may be used to replace conventional structures, to reduce area of land required, or to build flexible structures over poor or soft foundations. 

Coverlays and stiffeners are typical examples of the special components needed to build flexible circuits. Many types of materials have been introduced to accommodate the designs of the end applications. 

TABLE 61.5 Traditional Major Materials Used to Build Flexible Circuits... 

Relocating equipment to build flexibility into the inherent design of the line. 

As a response, organizations should build flexibility into their own operations and into their supply chains. This "resilient" operation will enable them to deal with volume variations — at least within some prescribed range, extending the range in which their supply chain can cost effectively deliver product. The importance of establishing this operating range will increase to the extent that there is mutual dependence up and down the chain. 

Polyvinyl acetate emulsions are made by polymerizing vinyl acetate monomer to make a homopolymer or widi other monomers to make copolymers which can build flexibility into the polymer chain. 

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