Feed attractants

Chemical lures, pheromones and feeding attractants and stimulants... 

Chemical lures, based on feeding stimuli, are now on the market as odor-impregnated artificial bait. They are specific for certain predatoiy fish and are extremely effective (Schisler and Bergesen, 1996). Efforts to imderstand improving of feeding attractants and stimulants for economically soimd mariculture started early (Bardach and Villars, 1974). Another obvious application of fish odors is the use of waterborne male and female pheromones to improve spawning in fish in aquaculture. 

Receptors and their ligands are numerous, varied, and essential to all forms of life. Cell-surface receptors on bacteria detect feeding attractants as well as dangerous molecules. From bacteria to humans seven-helix receptors function to detect light, odors, hormones, and other molecules. Tire numbers of different receptors are impressive. For example, the tiny nematode C. elegans has 650 seven-helix transmembrane receptors and 411 protein kinases, many of which may be associated with receptors.34 Our bodies have thousands. 

Sakata, K., Feeding attractants and stimulant for marine gastropods, in Bioorganic Marine Chemistry, Vol. 3, Scheuer, P.J., Ed., Springer-Verlag, New York, 1989, 115. 

Many specific plant odors are achieved by combinations of widely distributed constituent components in specific ratios characteristic to particular plant species.46 Therefore, many insects that use general compounds as feeding attractants, such as L. decemlineata, are attracted to blends of several components, but not to the individual compounds. Fifteen compounds, (Z)-3-hexenal, ( )-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexen-l-ol, ( )-2-hexen-l-ol,... 

Flavonols are variously good ROS scavengers (e.g. kaempferol and quercetin). Particular flavonols are insect feeding attractants or stimulants (quercetin, quercetin 7-O-glucoside... 

Ga protein-GMP-PNP binding (5-LOX) [AI, feeding attractant, feeding deterrent, ovipositing stimulant, antiviral, antibacterial]... 

O-rhamnosyl-glucoside) Fagopyrum esculentum, Polygonum spp. feeding attractant, feeding... 

DNAL, 5-LOX, ITDI, MLCK, PICA) [antibacterial, antiviral, allergenic, silkworm feeding attractant]... 

AR (human lens) (> 10), AR (rat lens) (1-10) [antibacterial, feeding attractant]... 

T/C values of zero represented total inhibition of feeding, while values greater than 100 represented feeding attractancy. 

Each of these observations or sightings has chemical ecology implications that will be discussed. The instructor will lead students to pertinent literature. Topics include, but are not limited to, feeding attractants and repellents palat-ability detoxication of plant secondary compounds marking with secretions or excretions chemical defense. 

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