Mimicry chemical

Chemical camouflage Intracolonial chemical mimicry Chemical camouflage... 

Social hymenoptera must contend with other organisms chemically mimicking a semiochemical to gain advantage. Chemical mimicry may result from the organism biosynthesizing the compounds themselves or simply acquiring the chemical odor of the host colony once inside. The many interactions are well reviewed [4,6,128] and include mimicry by hymenoptera of the same or different species, other arthropods, and even orchids. 

The predators discussed up to this point search for prey by using their ability to perceive certain chemical clues. Some unusual predators have evolved the ability to attract their prey with scents that mimic the odor of a valuable resource (see reviews of chemical mimicry in refs. 9 and 39). Several groups of spiders lure male insect prey with scents that mimic the sex pheromone scents of females of the prey species (see reviews in refs. 9,13,40, and 41). To the best of our knowledge, these spiders are the only predators that mimic sex pheromones. However, the spiders share some similarities with the diverse orchids which mimic insect sex pheromones to lure pollinators (9, 42, 43) and with the predatory fireflies, which practice elaborate mimicry of visual sexual signals to lure their prey heterospecific male fireflies (44). 

Stowe, M. K. "Chemical Mimicry." In Chemical Mediation of Coevolution, edited by K. Spencer, 513-580. San Diego Academic Press, 1988. 

Another feature that we may refer to here is that of structural mimicry (52). It is generally accepted that a necessary and sufficient condition for formation of solid-solution crystals by two or more organic substances is similarity of shapes and sizes of the component molecules (53). Consider the two molecules salicylidene-lV-4-chloroaniline and -4-bromoaniline, which are very similar chemically and, in solution, structurally. Both are dimorphic, with molecules... 

The structures of the complexes of argifin and argadin with ChiB allowed a comparison with the GlcNAcs complex and description of the nature of mimicry in this system [166]. Figure 13 shows the chemical structures of these cyclic peptides, which were isolated from fungal cultures [168,169]. 

The binding affinity of carbohydrate-mimetic peptides can be quite high, often higher than the natural carbohydrate ligand. Carbohydrate-mimetic peptides do not share any general chemical features, and all amino acid residues are represented there is no evidence for an unusual importance of aromatic residues in mimicry. In several cases, o-amino acids have been incorporated, and unusual amino acids (derived from nonribosomal peptide synthesis) have been found in naturally occurring carbohydrate-mimetic peptides. 

Notice how the protective strategies are first classified into three categories appearance, chemicals, and armor. Each of these categories is then further classified for analysis. Appearance, for example, is broken down into three types of protection strategies camouflage, warning colors, and mimicry. 

An example of chemical mimicry of pheromones involves the female bolas spider, Mastophora hutchinsoni it feeds exclusively on male moths of a... 

From tlie onset of tliis jurisdiction known as Supramolecular Chemistry, parallels have been drawn between the molecular recognition events of supramolecular chemical systems and the those found in nature. So often is this the case that the mimicry of Nature s chemical tasks may now in fact be considered a dominant theme of the field. 

Dettner, K. and Liepert, C. (1994). Chemical mimicry and camouflage. Annual Review of Entomology 39 129-154. 

Eberhard, W. G. (1977). Agressive chemical mimicry by bolas spiders. Science 198 1173-1175. 

Gemeno, C., Yeargan, . V. and Haynes, K. F. (2000). Aggressive chemical mimicry by the bolas spider Mastophora hutchinsoni identification and quantification of a major prey s sex pheromone components in the spider s volatile emissions. Journal of Chemical Ecology 26 1235-1243. 

Stowe, M. K., Tumlinson, J. H. and Heath, R. R. (1987). Chemical mimicry bolas spiders emit components of moth prey species sex pheromones. Science 236 964-967. 

M. (1979). Chemical communication, plant relationships, and mimicry in the evolution of danaid butterflies. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 24 264-277. 

Yeargan, . V. (1988). Ecology of a bolas spider, Mastophora hutchinsoni phenology, hunting tactics, and evidence of aggressive chemical mimicry. Oecologia (Berlin) 74 524-530. 

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