Chemical commitment

BOX 6.1 MILLENNIUM CHEMICALS COMMITMENT TO SAFETY, HEALTH, AND ENVIRONMENT... 

Any person [level of intent] illegally exporting to, or importing from, a State not parly to the Convention, a Schedule 1 or 2 chemical commits an offence and shall be punished upon conviction by [period of time] imprisonment [and/or] fined an amount ranging from [currency amount] to [currency amount]. 

Using estimates of proven reserves and commitments to energy and chemical uses of gas resources, the net surplus of natural gas in a number of different countries that might be available for major fuel methanol projects has been determined. These are more than adequate to support methanol as a motor fuel. 

Chemical Manufacturers Association Code. In 1988, the Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA) adopted an initiative called Responsible Care A PubHc Commitment (33). Members of the CMA commit themselves, as an obligation of membership, to improving performance in response to pubHc concerns about the impact of chemicals on health, safety, and environmental quaUty. 

The polyamide copolymer of dodecanoic acid with methylenedi(cyclohexylamine) (MDCHA, PACM) was sold as continuous filament yam fiber under the tradename QIANA. As late as 1981, over 145,000 t was produced using high percentages, typically 80%, of trans, trans MDCHA isomer. The low melting raffinate coproduct left after t,t isomer separation by fractional crystallisation was phosgenated to produce a Hquid aUphatic diisocyanate marketed by Du Pont as Hylene W. Upon terrnination of their QIANA commitment, Du Pont sold the urethane intermediate product rights to Mobay, who now markets the 20% trans, trans—50% cis, trans—30% cis, cis diisocyanate isomer mixture as Desmodur W. In addition to its use in polyamides and as an isocyanate precursor, methylenedi (cyclohexyl amine) is used directiy as an epoxy curative. The Hquid diamine mixture identified historically as PACM-20 is marketed as AMICURE PACM by Anchor Chemical for performance epoxies. 

Car manufacturers and intermediaries offer various forms of rail-car leases, ranging from short-term, full-maintenance rentals to long-term leases requiring outside financing (3). Many chemical shippers have substantial investments or lease commitments in tank cars and similar rail equipment, including cars constmcted of or lined with special materials for particular products. Other cars may be thermally insulated to prevent excessive heat buildup in transit or for protection against fire. 

As a leader in fluorine technology, Honeywell Chemicals is committed to safety, customer satisfaction, the development of new technology, and the manufacture and supply of fluorochemicals worldwide. We are proud to be the world s largest producer of hydrofluoric acid and sulfur hexafluoride supplying customers globally. 

Both the wood-based panel industry and the adhesive industry show a high commitment to and great capability towards innovation. The best evidence for this is the considerable diversity of types of adhesives used for the production of wood-based panels. Well-known basic chemicals have been used for a long time for the production of the adhesives and their resins, the most important ones being formaldehyde, urea, melamine, phenol, resorcinol and isocyanate. The greater portion of the currently used adhesive resins and adhesives for wood-based panels is produced with these few raw materials. The how to cook the resins and the how to formulate the adhesive become more and more complicated and sophisticated and are key factors to meet today s requirements of the wood-based panel industry. 

Commitments to industiy programs If your company is committed to an industry initiative, such as the American Petroleum Institute s RP750 or the Chemical Manufacturers Association s Responsible Care program, you will want to ensure that you are consistent with the framework used by that program. 

The CCPS model for PSM was first provided in A Challenge to Commitment and later explained in Guidelines for Technical Management of Chemical Process Safety. 

The first document produced under the CCPS program was a brochure entitled "A Challenge to Commitment," which was mailed to the CEOs of more than 1500 companies. It provides an overview and an outline of a comprehensive model for the technical management of chemical process safety, characterized by twelve distinct and essential elements. 

Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) (1989a). "A Challenge to Commitment." New York American Institute of Chemical Engineers, CCPS. 

Although the U.S. chemical industry is committed to converting from American Engineering Standard units to the metric standards, or SI units, the actual progress in... 

The use of the older restricted version of the Pauli principle has persisted, however, and is routinely employed to develop the electronic version of the periodic table. Modern chemistry appears to be committing two mistakes. Firstly, there is a rejection of the classical chemical heritage whereby the classification of elements is based on the accumulation of data on the properties and reactions of elements. Secondly, modem chemistry looks to physics with reverence and the false assumption that therein lies the underlying explanation to all of chemistry. Chemistry in common with all other branches of science appears to have succumbed to the prevailing tendency that attempts to reduce everything to physics (11). In the case of the Pauli principle, chemists frequently fall short of a full understanding of the subject matter, and... 

Mendeleev clearly believed (along with others) that there is a whole set of dependencies of chemical properties on atomic weight and that some of these properties recur at regular intervals. The periodic law amounts, essentially, to a commitment to look for such dependencies and recurrences, and the suggestion that something of importance will emerge from this search. 

This expansion will require a major commitment of resources on the part of universities, government, private foundations, and industry. Can such a preferential commitment to one discipline be justified, particularly at a time of severe budgetary austerity Each agency responsible for funding chemical engineering research will have to answer this question for itself, but the committee believes that the following... 

Academic institutions should make substantial commitments (e.g., cost sharing and maintenance for instrumentation and facilities) to make additional outside investments in chemical engineering as effective as possible. This will be particrrlarly needed to justify additional funding for advanced instmmentation and computers needed for research and educatiom... 

The committee encourages decision makers in the chemical processing industries to increase their commitment to research in their companies both to retain their world leadership in chemical technology and to deliver to American society... 

Industry should also continue to commit resources to academic research, for reasons that go far deeper than the desirability of additional funds. The development of any engineering field, and particularly one as closely linked to manufacturing as chemical engineering, needs the intellectual guidance that can only come from an industry with a stake in research outcomes. Also, industry has to be linked to academia so that new laboratory results can be rapidly transferred to product and process design. An industry committed to financial sponsorship and personnel exchanges with academia will make sure that the crucial industrial intellectual involvement needed for success exists. Thus, the committee mges that ... 

Microreactors find new niches, Achema Daily/Chemical Engineering, June 1997 Conclusions on IMRETl micro-reactor exhibitors at ACHEMA 1997 expert opinions industry s commitment general advantages of micro flow views on commercialization extended list of leading institutes and companies activities topological approach numbering-up [226],... 

Fine-chemical companies have definitely shown interest in micro-reaction technology (see also the commitment in [137]) and have formed their own task forces for this purpose. The increasing number of patents is further proof of the beginning commercial use of micro reactors (see, e.g., [318-321]). 

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