Checking and Evaluation

The large heat effect observed even in the contraction of the solvent-swollen gel strongly suggests that many previous studies reporting to have observed photo-stimulated contractions have to be reexamined to check and evaluate the real photochemical effect. The following criteria may be useful to judge whether the effect is due to photochemistry or photoheating. 

Bootstrapping is the resampling with replacement method that has the advantage of using the entire data set. It has been demonstrated to be useful in PMM validation (1,3, 22) and has the same advantages as do other internal validation methods in that it obviates the need for collecting data from a test population. Bootstrapping has been applied to population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model development, stability check and evaluation, and bias estimation (1-3, 25). 

Flags which summarize the check and evaluation processes... 

The overall reduction of noise levels involves developing a noise reduction plan. Here each of the sources needs to be checked and evaluated. Alternative techniques with lower noise levels may be applied and/or point sources may be enclosed. Examples for alternative techniques have been given in Section 4.2A.2 (oxybumer in RF) and 4.2.2.2 (foamy slag for EAF). Some examples of the enclosiue of sources have been given for furnaces (Section 4.5.3.1) and shakeout (4.5.9.3). 

In this approach the transferee of this responsibility can be one or both of the two private parties either the party that is the subject of inspections or a third party. In the case of the former, the private party would self-inspect through internal audits, checks and evaluations, whereas in the latter, the private party would procure the services of an external private party to carry out inspection on its facilities. 

Values of various curve and surface characteristics are measured at given points, between given points and along a curve or a surface to facilitate checking and evaluation of curves and surfaces to decide their appropriateness for downstream applications. Advanced methods compare measured values with tolerance specifications. Tolerances are specified for the maximum allowed gap on and between curves and surfaces, for deviation of tangent and curvature values, and on either side of the minimum draft angle. 

The tendency toward fully automated gamma-ray spectrum evaluation can introduce errors. The degree of the potential for error varies among the software packages, nevertheless, there are some common risk factors that must be checked and evaluated by the user. These factors lie in... 

The clean appearance of an aluminium surface is very deceptive it is actually composed of a thin layer of oxidation products, invisible to the unaided eye, which forms a weak link between the true aluminium surface and the adhesive. Although the oxide films on some alloys is reasonably stable, and gives fairly robust joints with some adhesives without preparation, this must not be generally assumed but should be checked and evaluated. Failure to remove a weak oxide layer will always result in a weak joint. 

After completion of exposure time, the specimens are checked visually for stress cracking or other changes, using a stereomicroscope if required. This visual check is used to determine the indicator property surface condition . The goal of this procedure is to detect the damage strain, i. e., the strain under which damage is first visible. The reference specimens stored in the reference medium are checked and evaluated in the same way in order to ensure that only the simultaneous effect of test medium and mechanical load is attacking the plastic [273]. 

All data to be entered in the CSD are subject to stringent check and evaluation procedures. Some of these procedures are visual, but the majority are automated within the CSD program PreQuest. The checks ensure that the ID and 2D information abstracted by CCDC staff are accurate, and that the 3D crystallographic coordinates are consistent with both the chemical description of the structure and with the geometrical description supplied by the authors. Most typographical errors in original papers can be corrected by the CCDC but, in the case of serious discrepancies, the original authors are consulted. 

Some of the above approximations can be removed from future calculations. The full treatment of NON can be realized numerically. Actually, in our code [63] for differential oscillator strength, NON is fully treated following the formalism of King et al. [64,65]. Also, the orthogonality between (j> and V oE can be checked and evaluated by modifying the current code [61]. 

WISR-8 has been implemented at SRS. A list of key valves has been prepared based on their importance to safety. These valves were disassembled, and their internal parts were checked and evaluated. The WISR 8 inspection requirements are, documented in RTM-4987 (Reference 24). The valves inspected are listed in Section III of the WISR items and in the Section IV valve tables of the restart I T plan. 

The interpretation phase consists of three elements identification of significant issues, evaluation by various checks and conclusions, and giving recommendations and reporting (Fig. 15.5). 

Product Liability. The data and other information in this handbook have been carefully extracted and evaluated by experts from the original literature. Furthermore, they have been checked for correctness by authors and the editorial staff before printing. Nevertheless, the publisher can give no guarantee for the correctness of the data and information provided. In any individual case of application, the respective user must check the correctness by consulting other relevant sources of information. 

The catalyst prepared above was characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron and Mdssbauer spectroscopic studies. The catalytic activities were evaluated under atmospheric pressure using a conventional gas-flow system with a fixed-bed quartz reactor. The details of the reaction procedure were described elsewhere [13]. The reaction products were analyzed by an on-line gas chromatography. The mass balances for oxygen and carbon beb een the reactants and the products were checked and both were better than 95%. 

Continuous or repeated observation, measurement, and evaluation of a process in a certain field of appbcation (e.g., environmental surveillance, health checking, foodstuff inspection, quahty assurance in manufacturing), according to given schedules in space and time. 

It is quite common for a Catalysis project leader to set up a structure of empty packages and use them to enter stub specifications, designs, and relations (such as refinements) between them that must be completed in downstream development. These packages also need an appropriate build mechanism that traverses and evaluates the contents of each package, generating results that will be checked, compiled, and linked. 

In principle, the three isotope method may be widely applied to new isotope systems such as Mg, Ca, Cr, Fe, Zn, Se, and Mo. Unlike isotopic analysis of purified oxygen, however, isotopic analysis of metals that have been separated from complex matrices commonly involves measurement of several isotopic ratios to monitor potential isobars, evaluate the internal consistency of the data through comparison with mass-dependent fractionation relations (e.g., Eqn. 8 above), or use in double-spike corrections for instrumental mass bias (Chapter 4 Albarede and Beard 2004). For experimental data that reflect partial isotopic exchange, their isotopic compositions will not lie along a mass-dependent fractionation line, but will instead lie along a line at high angle to a mass-dependent relation (Fig. 10), which will limit the use of multiple isotopic ratios for isobar corrections, data quality checks, and double-spike corrections. 

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