Safety Check List

NPSH (available from system, A), 160 NPSH (required by pump, R), 160 Operating pressure, 408 Operational check-list, safety relief, 428 Orifice areas, relief valves, 437 Sharp edge, 440 Orifice, flow, 82, 83, 119 Air, table, 107 Overpressure, 403 Causes, 427... 

A short safety check list, covering the main items which should be considered in process design, is given below. 

Balemans, A. W. M. (1974) Check-lists guide lines for safe design of process plants. Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion in the Process Industries, C. H. Bushmann (ed.) (Elsevier). 

Safety check lists can provide a uselul guide for the main items to be considered during the process design stage. It must be remembered that no list is ever complete and other considerations and techniques should also be applied. Safety check lists can be found in Coulson and Richardson, Volume 6 (1983 pp. 301-303) IChemE Flowsheeting for Safety (1976) Wells (1980) and Balemans (1974). 

Safety recommendations in building design can be summarized in terms of a safety check list ... 

The approach used to identify hazards will depend on the application being considered. For certain simple processes where there is extensive operating experience of a standard design, such as simple off-shore wellhead towers, it may be sufficient to use industry developed check lists (for example, the safety analysis checklists in ISO 10418 and API RP 14C). Where the design is more complex or a new process is being considered, a more structured approach may be necessary (for example, lEC 60300-3-9 1995). 

These categories are of interest in themselves as an attempt to develop the ideas of parameter, system and human error as previously presented. However, in examining past failures and the likelihood of future failures, a more detailed set of statements which have direct relevance to the project under consideration is needed. To this end the author has presented a list of 25 questions, a sort of personal check list, which attempts to feature matters which are not immediately calculable and so are not normally taken into account in structural safety calculations. The questions are formulated in such a way that two answers are required when assessing a praticular project. Firstly the degree of confidence in the truth of the statement, and secondly the importance of it in the overall context. The questions are ... 

PSSR (conducted before the modifications are commissioned) is also a part of the MOC procedure. Any new items identified during the PSSR may require further rounds of review and approvals by the reviewers. Completed MOC is an important part of process safety management it needs to be filed in the facility s process safety and project files, and stored for the lifetime of plant operations. These forms are required for future MOC audit and also are useful during future PHA studies. CCPS (1995) and CCPS (2007) presented MOC process and useful check lists. Note that a proper MOC procedure could have avoided the Flixborough incident outlined in Section 3.2 (CCPS, 2007). 

Check lists serve to draw one s attention to safety relevant issues. They reflect to a large extent the experiences with the design, building and operation of plants and the corresponding safety analyses. Apart from the normal operation the lists should cover start-up and shut-down as well as other possible plant states. In what follows a checklist for process plants is presented. Further information can be found in the relevant literature, for example also in [9]. 

CONTROL OF PROCESS AND PLANT MODIFICATIONS Uncontrolled modifications to a process or plant can result in a situation that was not considered in the original hazard assessment and the existing safety measures may no longer be effective. It is not possible to produce a generally applicable check-list of significant" modifications — serious incidents have been caused by relatively small changes in process conditions or plant construction — but some examples are ... 

Index methods are based on structured check lists, which translate definitions in numeric values. Final indexes - which represent risk levels - derive from numerical combinations of the values, according to empirical algorithms. The first safety index method was the DOW Fire and Explosion Index (AIChE 2005), which was proposed in the seventies. Hazard sources and safety barriers are accounted respectively as Penalties and Credits. 

The OTS concept is described using the same terminology as the TTS system, as far as possible. The structure of performance standards, performance requirements, check lists and assessment activities is presented in Figure 1. This figure also presents the similarities between TTS and OTS, when it comes to performance standards, performance requirements and checklists. The main principle of the OTS development is that the assessment of operational safety conditions shall be risk based, i.e. that the selection of influencing factors and checklist questions shall be based on what has the highest importance for major hazard risk, with the focus on the main contributors (Vinnem, Seljehd et al. 2007). 

Officers at both vessels do regard procedures and check lists as valuable for safety reasons within certain limits. Procedures and checklists are also seen as problematic as there are too many of them, too detailed and too standardized. The crew experience that less standardization and a possibility to accommodate procedures and checklist in accordance to the ship specific simation would improve safety more. Problems with completing checklists and following procedures are... 

Any good quality-assurance system should also assess the quality of performance in practice as well as in theory. With no currently available, effective, non-destructive test, critical areas or components may only be assessed for voids (acoustic methods are useful here) and, where possible, proof loaded. Other than this, test coupons or parts need to accompany the components themselves through the assembly process so that appropriate, systematic destructive tests may be carried out. A check-list for safety critical items is given in Table 6.1. 

Safety check lists for regular inspection of specific items of machinery or equipment (e.g., on a monthly basis). 

There are many hazard analysis formulations which may be used effectively to assess process hazards. These include fault-free analysis, failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA), what-if analysis, hazard and operability analysis (HAZOP), check list analysis, and safety review, among others. The specifics associated with these analyses can be reviewed by consulting the appropriate American Institute of Chemical Engineers Center for Chemical Process Safety reference. " ... 

In a first phase of this paper, the Decree of Law No 273/2003 content was studied, as well as its requisites in safety construction and requirements to elaborate the Health and Safety Plan. Since this study main aim is the Safety plan analysis, it was of utmost importance to find out which elements must be included on it. For this, the Safety and Health Plans of Vila Real city in 2009 were analyzed. The total sum of these plans was sixty. A check-list was created based on the pretended answers in order to obtain a quality analysis of the Safety and Health Plans in the project phase (Pinto 2011). Taking into account that the elaboration of such a plan must contain all useful documents to risk evduation and prevention, the HSP was subdivided in 3 chapters ... 

---