Industrial sulfuric acid

Two principal factors affected the U.S. sulfuric acid industry in the 1980s. The first was the increased availabiUty of recovered sulfur vs Frasch sulfur (see SuLFURREMOVAL AND recovery). This occurred because of environmental concerns and regulations forcing more sulfur to be recovered at refineries, power plants, etc. The effect of this change was that the cost of sulfur in the marketplace became driven largely by the cost of nonsulfur industries, rather than by the traditional discretionary sulfur producers, and tended to stabilize U.S. sulfur prices. 

Amyl Acetate or Amylacetic EsteKcommonly known as Banana Oil),C H. COOCH, mw 130.18- Several isomers are known of which n-amyl acetate and isoamyl acetate are the most important. They can be prepd by heating amyl alcohols with acetic acid in the presence of some sulfuric acid. Industrial methods of prepn are given in Ref 9,pp 102—3- Commercial products are usually mixts of n- and iso-amyl acetates. When amyl acetate is prepd from "fusel oil (a byproduct obtained in the manuf of ethyl ale by fermentation), the chief component is isoamyl acetate... 

Gilbert, N., Hobbs, I., and Levine, J., Hydrolysis of wood using dilute sulfuric acid. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 1952, 44 (7), 1712-1720. 

Alkylation Its Possible Impact on the Sulfuric Acid Industry... 

Albright, Lyle K.W. Li, Eckert, Roger E., "Alkylation of Isobutane with Light Olefins Using Sulfuric Acid" Industrial Engineering Chemistry, (1970) Vol. 9, Alkylation. 

Lin Z. (1997) Mineralogical and chemical characterization of wastes from a sulfuric acid industry in Falun Sweden. Environ. Geol. 30, 153-162. 

Referring to Table II, we can observe that the petroleum, non-ferrous metallurgy, and sulfuric acid industries account for most of the industrial SO2 emissions. However, particulate emissions are distributed among all industrial polluters. 

The Changing Sulfuric Acid Industry Chem. Week. 2/1982,40-42. 

The sulfuric acid industry got a head start in the 1940s due to the invention of vanadium pentoxide as catalyst to convert sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide, popularly known as the contact process. This enabled large sulfuric acid plants of high capacity to be built to produce phosphoric acid for the manufacture of phosphatic fertilizers. 

It is hoped that the practising personnel and managment will find the book useful for improving plant efficiency, safety, environment, diversification to value added products such as liquid SO2 and SO3, expansion of capacity, profitability, etc., and will be able to contribute significantly to the progress in the state-of-the-art in sulfuric acid industry. 

Mochida, 1., Kawano, S. (1991). Capture of Ammonia by Active Carbon Fibers Further Activated with Sulfuric Acid. Industrial Eneineerine Chemistry Research 30, 2322-2327. 

Philadelphia became the center of the early American sulfuric acid industry. By the 1850 s, several firms were manufacturing acid in the city and environs ... 

The fastest growing sulfuric acid market, the U.S., remained with elemental sulfur until the end of the century. While Sicily was losing most of its sulfuric acid market in Europe, U.S. demand was racing to replace it. In 1892, Sicilian exports to the U.S. alone were 89,000 tonnes. Later, the U.S. sulfuric acid industry also switched to pyrites. There had been no American duties on elemental sulfur, but there was on pyrites, which were removed in 1890. In 1895, 75% of U.S. sulfuric acid was still being manufactured from elemental sulfur, but had dropped to only 16% in 1901. 

Adding to their woes, the largest sulfur market, the manufacture of sulfuric acid, had disappeared in the U.S. When Frasch had filed his patent over 80% of the rapidly growing American sulfuric acid industry used elemental sulfur as its raw material. By 1901, 85% of the industry had switched to pyrites. The only major acid producers using elemental sulfur were Kalbfleisch (later purchased by Cyanamid in 1929) and Grasselli Chemical Company of Cleveland. Most of the sales of Union Sulfur had been through Petit Parsons in New York City for resale. Other shipments were made to a sulfite pulp mill in Wisconsin and fertilizer manufacturer in Meridian, MS. 

Chunxia Yang et al., Trace element transformations and partitioning during the roasting of pyrite ores in the sulfuric acid industry, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 167 (2009),... 

The cost data have been obtained from published information and personal contacts in the sulfuric acid industry. They were obtained during 2012 and are expressed in 2012 US dollars. The data are directly applicable to plants in South and North America. They are thought to be similar to costs in other parts of the world. 

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