Chain Compounds potassium salt

As shovm above, the attachment of the aromatic ring to the carbon chain bearing the basic nitrogen may be accomplished through an ester or an amide configured in either direction. A simple ether linkage fulfills this function in yet another compound that exhibits local anesthetic activity. Thus, alkylation of the mono potassium salt of hydroquinone with butyl bromide affords the ether (77) alkylation of this with w-C3-chloropropyl)morpholine affords pramoxine (78)... 

Senti and Witnauer206 have reported studies on the fiber diagrams from various alkali-amyloses. Specimens were obtained by deacetylating clamped specimens of amylose acetate with the appropriate alkali. The positions of the alkali ions and the lateral packing of the amylose chains were determined with the aid of Patterson projections. In the A - and B -modifica-tions, the fiber period was 22.6 A. (extension of 6 D-glucose units), whilst in the V -modification it was 8.0 A. These authors have also studied in detail the addition compounds of amylose and inorganic salts with special reference to the structure of the potassium bromide-amylose compound.206 Oriented alkali fibers were treated with the appropriate salt solution. Stoichiometric compounds were formed. The x-ray patterns from these showed that the addition compounds with potassium salts crystallized in... 

Compound 72 was shown to display enantioselectivity in the extraction of chiral potassium salts from water into the organic phase.105 The supramolec-ular polymer possesses a homochiral helical architecture onto which one of the anionic enantiomers preferentially binds. Intriguingly, for some of the anions the octamer and polymer showed opposite selectivity, illustrating the difference in supramolecular chirality of the two systems. Furthermore, the polymer was capable of inducing a Cotton effect in the achiral compound potassium A-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glycinate. Since the apolar side chains would... 

Detergents act as emulsifiers, breaking the oil into tiny droplets, each suspended in water. The disruption of the oil film allows the dirt particles to become solubilized (they peptize). Soap, the sodium or potassium salt of long-chain fatty acids, is a good detergent, although it often forms insoluble compounds with certain salts found in hard water, thus diminishing its effectiveness. 

Kolbe noted also the formation of traces of methyl acetate and butyl valerate from electrolysis of acetate and valerate respectively. Careful analysis of reaction products by Petersen (1900) identified compounds which are today formulated as being derived from carbocations formed by loss of one electron from the alkyl radical [50]. Propanoic acid gives mostly ethene while butanoic acid and 2-methyl-propanoic acid give mostly propene. Acetate and long chain alkylcarboxylates give mostly the Kolbe type dimer hydrocarbon on electrolysis of their potassium salts in concentrated solution at a platinum electrode, using high current density and low temperatures [51]. 

The synthon they used for the reaction with the anion of methyl glycolate to the tetrahydrofuranone derivative 141 was methyl-4-tm.-butoxybut-2-enoate 140. This compound had been prepared out of the corresponding acetylenic ester91 139 by partial hydrogenation. The 0-ketoester 141 was then C-alkylated by treatment of its potassium salt with methyl-7-iodoheptanoate in DMSO and decarboxylated with lithium iodide in DMF to the ketoester 142 which was claimed to have the more stable conformation with tram side chains. 

A more difficult problem is encountered when it is necessary to reduce selectively multiple bonds in the side chain, especially when they are conjugated with the nucleus. Up to the present time little has been published on this subject. The best method for the side chain reduction of /3-2-furylacrylic acid seems to be with Raney alloy in dilute NaOH. If the reaction is carried out more drastically, the nucleus undergoes easy reduction to give 4-hydroxy-valerolactone. The method of Railings and Smith also appears to be successful this involves the use of palladium strontium carbonate for the reduction of the alkene side chain of 2 -furylalkenes, without affecting the ring. Such compounds as j8-2 -furylacrylic esters are exceptions, but the potassium salt of the acid can be selectively reduced in aqueous solution. 

Of special interest are sodium and potassium salts of the long-chained fatty acids, the compounds known under the traditional name of soaps (see the next scheme). The chemical behavior of these molecules exhibits a dual nature. The long hydrocarbon chain is typical of the organic component which is insoluble in water. Because hydrocarbon chains repel water molecules, they are called hydrophobic. On the other side the carboxylate group and the metal ion are bound by an ionic bond and such compounds are readily soluble in water. They attract water molecules and we call them hydrophilic. The molecules of soaps possess a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. 

The basis of this test is the ability of certain compounds to form a precipitate of iodoform when treated with a basic solution of iodine. Methyl ketones are the most common types of compounds that give a positive result in this test. However, acetaldehyde, CHgCHO, and alcohols with the hydroxyl group at the 2-position of the chain, also give a precipitate of iodoform. 2-Alkanols of the type described are easily oxidized to methyl ketones under the conditions of the reaction. The other product of the reaction, besides iodoform, is the sodium or potassium salt of a carboxylic acid. 

Lithium compounds are used in ceramics, lubricants, and medicine. Small daily doses of lithium carbonate are an effective treatment for bipolar (manic-depressive) disorder but scientists still do not fully understand why. Lithium soaps—the lithium salts of long-chain carboxylic acids—are used as thickeners in lubricating greases for high-temperature applications because they have higher melting points than more conventional sodium and potassium soaps. 

Syn elimination and the syn-anti dichotomy have also been found in open-chain systems, though to a lesser extent than in medium-ring compounds. For example, in the conversion of 3-hexyl-4-d-trimethylammonium ion to 3-hexene with potassium ec-butoxide, 67% of the reaction followed the syn-anti dichotomy. In general syn elimination in open-chain systems is only important in cases where certain types of steric effect are present. One such type is compounds in which substituents are found on both the P and the y carbons (the unprimed letter refers to the branch in which the elimination takes place). The factors that cause these results are not completely understood, but the following conformational effects have been proposed as a partial explanation. The two anti- and two syn-periplanar conformations are, for a quaternary ammonium salt ... 

The trimolybdates in the solid state are polymeric in nature (119, 120). Two different structure types are obtained as the potassium and rubidium salts K2[Mo3Oi0] and Rb2[Mo3Oi0] H20 shown in Fig. 14. The rubidium compound consists of a chain of Mo06 octahedra, whereas the potassium compound comprises edge-shared distorted Mo05 poly-hedra and Mo06 octahedra (121). 

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