Lithium soaps

Lithium soaps are the most common thickeners used in the formulation of lubricating greases. Lithium soaps used for grease-making are classified into two types Simple soap and complex soap. 

4 -Dibutyl diphenylamine 4,4 -Dihexyl diphenylamine 4,4 -Dioctyl diphenylamine Tetrabutyl diphenylamine Tetraoctyl diphenylamine 1-Naphthylamine Butylphenyl-l-naphthylamine Hexylpheny 1-1 -naphthylamine Octylphenyl-l-naphthylamine 4,4 -Dipentyl diphenylamine 4,4 -Diheptyl diphenylamine 4,4 -Dinonyl diphenylamine Tetrahexyl diphenylamine Tetranonyl diphenylamine N-Phenyl-l-naphthylamine Pentylphenyl-l-naphthylamine Heptylpheny 1-1 -naphthylamine Nonylphenyl-l-naphthylamine 

6- Di-fert-butyl-a-dimethylamino-p-cresol 2,2 -Methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) 2,2 -Methylenebis(4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol) 4,4 -Butylidenebis(3-methyl-6-fCT t-butylphenol) 4,4 -Methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) 4,4 -Bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) 

2- Bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane 4,4 -Cyclohexylidenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) Hexamethylene 

2 -Thio[diethyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate] 3,9-Bisl,l-dimethyl-2-[3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-propionyloxy]ethyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5,5]undecane l,l/3-Tris(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenyl)butane l,3/5-Trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene Bis[3,3 -bis(4 -hydroxy-3 -tert-butylphenyl)butyric acid] glycol ester 2-(3, 5 -di-fert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-methyl-4-(2,4-di-tert-butyl-3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl-6-tert-butylphenol 

---

Lithium compounds are used in ceramics, lubricants, and medicine. Small daily doses of lithium carbonate are an effective treatment for bipolar (manic-depressive) disorder but scientists still do not fully understand why. Lithium soaps—the lithium salts of long-chain carboxylic acids—are used as thickeners in lubricating greases for high-temperature applications because they have higher melting points than more conventional sodium and potassium soaps. 

Lithium-silicates, 12 577 15 142 22 452 in adhesives and binders, 22 472 solutions of, 22 465 Lithium soap greases, 15 243 Lithium sulfate, 15 142 Lithium-sulfur dioxide cells, 3 464-466 characteristics, 3 462t speciality for military and medical use, 3 430t... 

Lithium hydroxide is used as an electrolyte in certain alkahne storage batteries and in the production of lithium soaps. Other uses of this compound include its catalytic applications in esterification reactions in the production of alkyd resins in photographic developer solutions and as a starting material to prepare other lithium salts. 

Lithium hydroxide monohydrate. CAS l3IO-65-2. LiOH H 0 loses water at I0LC. LiOH nidus at 450 C. The compound is soluble in water. The compound is used in the formulation of lithium soaps used in multipurpose greases also in the manufacture of various lithium salts and as an additive lo the electrolyte of alkaline storage bailerics. LiOH also is an efficient, light-weight absorbent for carbon dioxide. 

Table 13.6 Typical Load-Carrying Capacity Figures for Lithium Soap Greases With and Without Molybdenum Disulphide ( Mean figures from several publications.)...

Lithium hydroxide monohydrate is industrially important in the manufacture of greases e.g. on the basis of lithium stearate. In the USA more than 60% of all greases are produced with the help of lithium soaps (ca. 25% of total lithium consumption). 

Silicone oils can be converted into pastes by incorporating large quantities of highly dispersed silicas or calcium or lithium soaps. These products are utilized as sealants and specialty greases. 

Lithium soaps, which have higher melting points than sodium and potassium soaps, are used as thickeners in lubricating greases for high-temperature applications. 

Use Storage battery electrolyte, carbon dioxide absorbent in space vehicles, lubricating greases, ceramics, catalyst, photographic developers, lithium soaps. 

Lithium soap grease is normally smooth in appearance but may exhibit a grain structure. This type of grease is resistant to water and to the highest... 

SAE AS 1241. Fire Resistant Phosphate Ester Hydraulic Fluid for Aircraft. SAE International. Williams A. (2007) Specifying an Aircraft Lithium Soap - Tapered Roller - Wheel Bearing Grease. Manager General Mechanical Systems Engineering, Airbus. Presented at the ELGI AGM, May 2007. 

Figure 18-6. Effect of temperature on oil separation from greases made with lithium soaps 12% of the lithium soap in naphthenic oil 3 hours vacuum filtration at the indicated temperature. Data by Kotten and Birdsall [17].

C Calcium soap grease. D Sodium soap grease. E Lithium soap... 

USE In photographic developers in alkaline storage bet-teries in prepn of other lithium salts where use of carbonate is not practical as catalyst in the production of alkyd resins, in esterifications in the production of lithium soaps, greases, sulfonates. Caution Strongly alkaline and hence caustic. Very irritating to skin. Systemic loxicity similar to other lithium compds. See Lithium. 

Bulfonation are, in turn, suited for use as detergents. Sodium and lithium soaps of these acids have been described as promising for the manufacture of lubricating g ases. Much of this work has centered on the oxidation of paraffin wax and hydrocarbons of comparable molecular weight. It is reported that some 100,000 tons per year of fatty acids was produced by oxidation of various hydrocarbons in Germany during World War II. ... 

---