Yeast brewer’s

Chromium. The history of the investigations estabHshing the essentiaHty of chromium has been reviewed (136). An effect of brewer s yeast in preventing or curing impaired glucose tolerance in rats was revealed, and the active factor was identified as a Cr(III) organic complex, glucose tolerance... 

Attempts to isolate GTF from brewer s yeast have resulted in production of very active concentrates, but the substance is too labile to be obtained in the soHd state (136). However, it has been shown that GTF is a Cr(III) complex containing two coordinated nicotinate radicals and other amino acid anions (146). Active preparations containing similar complexes have been synthesi2ed (147). Chromium deficiency may also lead to atherosclerosis and peripheral neuropathy. 

Fermentation Feedstock. Sucrose, in the form of beet or cane molasses, is a fermentation feedstock for production of a variety of organic compounds, including lactic, glutamic, and citric acids, glycerol, and some antibiotics. Lesser amounts of itaconic, aconitic, and kojic acids, as well as acetone and butanol, are also produced (41,51—53). Rum is made by fermentation of cane molasses. Beet and cane molasses are used for production of baker s and brewer s yeast (qv). 

Nicotinamide and nicotinic acid are prevalent in many common foodstuffs and are especially concentrated in brewer s yeast, wheat germ and fiver. 

Glucose Cornstarch Distiller s solubles Brewer s yeast Corn steep liquor... 

The term fermentation was obtained from the Latin verb fervere which describes the action of yeast or malt on sugar or fruit extracts and grain. The boiling is due to the production of carbon dioxide bubbles from the aqueous phase under the anaerobic catabolism of carbohydrates in the fermentation media. The art of fermentation is defined as the chemical transformation of organic compounds with the aid of enzymes. The ability of yeast to make alcohol was known to the Babylonians and Sumerians before 6000 bc. The Egyptians discovered the generation of carbon dioxide by brewer s yeast in the preparation... 

Bioprocess plants are an essential part of food, fine chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Use of microorganisms to transform biological materials for production of fermented foods, cheese and chemicals has its antiquity. Bioprocesses have been developed for an enoimous range of commercial products, as listed in Table 1.1. Most of the products originate from relatively cheap raw materials. Production of industrial alcohols and organic solvents is mostly originated from cheap feed stocks. The more expensive and special bioprocesses are in the production of antibiotics, monoclonal antibodies and vaccines. Industrial enzymes and living cells such as baker s yeast and brewer s yeast are also commercial products obtained from bioprocess plants. 

Biotin can be synthesized by the human colon flora. The question to which extent this production contributes to covering the host-organism s requirements is, however, subject to discussion. In most foods of animal origin as well as in cereals, biotin prevails in the protein (= enzyme)-bound form as e-N-biotinyl-L-lysine (= biocytin). Brewer s yeast, liver, soya beans, and peanuts number among the biotin rich foods [1]. 

De Goeij JJM, VorKERS KJ, Tjioe PS, and Kroon JJ (1978) NBS SRM 1569 Brewer s yeast Is it an adequate standard reference material for testing chromium determination in biological materials. Radiochem Radioanal Letters 35 139-146. 

Over a long time period it may well not be possible to duplicate library cell culture conditions. What happens when the lot of media used in the final culture step prior to pyrolysis has been consumed Can culture media suppliers assure nutritional identity between batches Media types for growth of fastidious strains invariably include natural products such as brewer s yeast, tryptic soy, serum, egg, chocolate, and/or sheep blood. Trace components in natural products cannot be controlled to assure an infinite, invariable supply. The microtiter plate wells used here do not hold much media. Even so, the day will come when all media supplies are consumed and a change in batch is unavoidable. When that happens, if there were no effective way to compensate spectra for the resulting distortions, it would be necessary to re-culture and re-analyze replicates for every strain in the reference library. Until recently the potential for obsolescence was a major disincentive for developing PyMS spectral libraries of bacteria. Why this is no longer an insurmountable problem is discussed in the next section. 

El-Sharouny EE, El-Sersy NA (2005) Biosorption of textile dyes by brewer s yeast biomass. Fresenius Environ Bull 14 928-933... 

Propagation constants, 20 219 Propagation plant, brewer s yeasts, 3 581 Propagation rate constants (kp), in VDC polymer degradation, 25 715-716, 717t Propagation reactions, 14 274... 

Polysaccharides from which 2,4,6-trimethyl-D-glucose can be prepared by methylation and hydrolysis include a polyglucose isolated from the cell wall of brewer s yeast,166 laminarin168 and the hemicellulose fraction of Iceland moss.188... 

Top yeast = baker s yeast bottom yeast = brewer s yeast. 

Manganese gluconate [Mn(C H 0 )] is used as a food additive, a vitamin, and a dietary supplement (also manganese glycerophosphate). It is found in green leafy vegetables, legumes, (peas and beans), and brewer s yeast. 

Luna-Solano, G., Salgado-Cervantes, M. A., Ramirez-Lepe, M., Garcia-Alvarado, M.A. and Rodriguez-Jimenes, G.C., Effect of drying type and drying conditions over fermentative ability of brewer s yeast, /. Food Proc. Eng., 26 (2003) 135-147. 

CN089 Millan, N. and J. De Abreu. Effect of the type of dietary fat on cholester-olemia in rabbits fed brewer s yeast. Arch Latinoam Nutr 1996 46(1) 71-74. 

During pilot-scale tests conducted by the U.S. Air Force, the nutrients used with this technology were brewer s yeast and a water-soluble brewer s yeast extract (BYF-100). Brewer s yeast costs 0.40 per pound. BYF-100 costs 2.00 per pound (D18070L, p. 2). 

In 1997, the technology was incorporated into Thiokol Corporation s waste treatment facility near Brigham City, Utah (D22204Y, p. A58). This system initially used brewer s yeast and a cheese-whey mixture as nutrient sources. In an effort to reduce costs, these additives were replaced with a carbohydrate by-product. As a result, chemical and nutrient costs dropped by more than 90%, from approximately 1.76 to 0.16 per pound of perchlorate removed (D22204Y, p. A59). 

Another example is the commercialized formation of R-phenylacetylcarbinol (R-PAC) from benzaldehyde and pyravate by fermenting brewer s yeast (see chapter 4.16 Neuberg Hirsch, 1921). Pymvate decarboxylase is responsible for the formation of an activated acetaldehyde from the decarboxylation of pyravate and the condensation of this activated acetaldehyde with benzaldehyde. Nowadays, about 1000 tons per aimum (tpa) R-PAC is produced this way. 

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