Antiseptics cetylpyridinium chloride

Quaternary Salts. Herbicides paraquat (20) and diquat (59) are the quaternary salts of 4,4 -bipyridine (19) and 2,2 -bipyridine with methyl chloride and 1,2-dibromoethane, respectively. Higher alkylpyridinium salts are used in the textile industry as dye ancillaries and spin bath additives. The higher alkylpyridinium salt, hexadecylpytidinium chloride [123-03-5] (67) (cetylpyridinium chloride) is a topical antiseptic. Amprolium (62), a quaternary salt of a-picohne (2), is a coccidiostat. Bisaryl salts of butylpyridinium bromide (or its lower 1-alkyl homologues) with aluminum chloride have been used as battery electrolytes (84), in aluminum electroplating baths (85), as Friedel-Crafts catalysts (86), and for the formylation of toluene by carbon monoxide (87) (see QuaternaryAA ONiUM compounds). 

A TLC method for determination of quaternary ammonium antiseptics was proposed, using silanized silica plates in combination with triiodide ions and UVV densitometry at 400 nm. The method was applied to cetylpyridinium chloride, cetrimide (197c) and the isomers of benzalkonium chloride (197b)420. 

Cetylpyridinium chloride is used as a germicide and antiseptic, e.g.. in mouthwashes it is made by qualernization of pyridine with cetyl chloride. 

Cetylpyridinium chloride is a quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant, used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations as an antimicrobial preservative see Section 10. It is used therapeutically as an antiseptic agent used alone or in combination with other drugs for oral and throat care used in nonparenteral formulations licensed in the UK and used in oral and inhalation preparations at concentrations of 0.02-1.5 mg (see Section 16). 

Cetylpyridinium chloride is used widely in mouthwashes as a bactericidal antiseptic. It is generally regarded as a relatively nontoxic material when used at a concentration of 0.05% w/v, although minor side effects such as mild burning sensations on the tongue have been reported. ... 

Roberts WR, Addy M. Gomparlson of the in vivo and in vitro antibacterial properties of antiseptic mouthrinses containing chlorhexidine, alexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride and hexetidine - relevance to mode of action. J Clin Periodontol 1981 8(4) 295-310. 

The cetyl derivative is the most active of a series of alkvf pyridinium eompound.s. It is used a.s a general antiseptic In concentrations of 1 100 to 1 1.000 for intact skin. l l.(Klii for minor lacerations, and 1.2.000 to I 10.000 fur the iniga-tion of mucous membranes. Cetylpyridinium chloride isalw available in the form of throat lozenges and a mouthwasli at a 1 20.000 dilution. 

One factor in assessing the quality of surface waters is the amount of suspended solids or, "how muddy is it " For example the standard for many rivers and streams is 100 mg/L. If more than this occurs that segment of the stream is declared "impaired." Much of this solid material is colloidal and cannot be filtered under ordinary means. In water treatment plants, aluminum hydroxide is used to surface adsorb or simply trap the solids, and this floe then either settles out or is filtered by a gravel bed. It has been found that cationic surfactants will surface adsorb to most of the solids suspended in water, and this coating will attach to air bubbles passing th ough the system. Some surfactants proven effective are cetyldimethylethylammonium chloride, cetyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, and ethylhexadecyldimethyl ammonium bromide. These are all antiseptics as well and are used in many mouthwashes. Only a few ppm are necessary (10 to 60) to provide clarification, and the LDjq s are in the range of 500 mg/kg. 

Ammonium alum Balsam Peru (Myroxylon pereirae) Sodium percarbonate antiseptic, mild pharmaceuticals Sodium salicylate antiseptic, mild sunscreen lotions Sodium salicylate antiseptic, mucosa Sodium iodate antiseptic, oral care Tea tree (Melaleuca altemifolia) oil antiseptic, oral pharmaceuticals Terpene resin antiseptic, oral rinses Eucalyptol Salicylic acid antiseptic, pharmaceutical ointments Tea tree (Melaleuca altemifolia) oil antiseptic, pharmaceutical topicals Didecyidimonium chloride antiseptic, pharmaceuticals Benzoic acid Bismuth subgallate Cetalkonium chloride Cetylpyridinium chloride Ethyl ether Eugenol Gum benzoin Peracetic acid Thymol 3,4,4 -Trichlorocarbanilide Urea... 

Surface active agent with bactericidal properties. Chloride [123-03-5]. Cetylpyridinium chloride, ban. Merocet. Ceepryn. Cepacol. Antiseptic detergent, used in throat pastilles etc. Sol. H2O. Mp 87-88 . Monohydrate, Mp 77-83 . 

One example of a pyridine product used as a pharmaceutical is cetylpyridinium chloride, which is obtained from pyridine and 1-chlorohexadecane it is used as an antiseptic. 

Soaps and other detergents have valuable antiseptic properties. The cationic surfactants are especially valuable for their bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties. An example is cetylpyridinium chloride, which contains the hexadecylpyridinium cation ... 

An ion containing a nitrogen atom bonded to any combination of four alkyl or aryl groups is classified as a quaternary (4°) ammonium ion. Compounds contain- Quaternary (4°) ammonium ion ing such ions have properties characteristic of salts. Cetylpyridinium chloride is used An ion in which nitrogen is bonded as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant. 

CPC (cetylpyridinium chloride), an antiseptic found in throat lozenges and mouthwash, is synthesized by the following reaction. Draw the stmcture of CPC. 

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