CERCLA—

The EPA Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) has responsibility for managing the analysis programs required under the U.S. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA). The approved analytical methods are designed to analyze water, soil, and sediment from potentially hazardous waste sites to determine the presence or absence of certain environmentally harmful organic compounds. The methods described here all require the use of GC/MS. 

The analysis programs of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) are managed through the EPA s Contract Laboratory Program (CLP). 

CERCLA. See Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act. 

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and LiabiHty Act of 1980 (CERCLA) requires notification to the National Response Center of releases of quantities of hazardous substances equal to or greater than the reportable quantity (RQ) in 40 CER 302.4, which is one pound (0.454 kg). 

OSHA has a TWA standaid on a weight of Sb basis of 0.5 mg/for antimony in addition to a standard TWA of 2.5 mg/m for fluoride. NIOSH has issued a criteria document on occupational exposure to inorganic fluorides. Antimony pentafluoride is considered by the EPA to be an extremely hazardous substance and releases of 0.45 kg or more reportable quantity (RQ) must be reported. Antimony triduoride is on the CERCLA bst and releasing of 450 kg or more RQ must be reported. 

In the United States, the reportable quantity of 1-propanol for spills under CERCLA "Superfund" is 100 Ib/d (45.4 kg/d). However, no reportable quantity is assigned for transport (43). The substance is on the list for atmospheric standards, as defined iu 40 CER 60.489 (47). The iatent of these standards is to require all newly constmcted, modified, and reconstmcted manufacturiug units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of volatile organic compounds (47). 1-Propanol is also on the right-to-know regulations of the states of Connecticut,... 

The two main federal agencies involved in the protection of human health and the environment are the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). EPA s principal concern is the protection of the environment, in most cases, the area outside of an industrial faciUty. There are 10 regional offices that carry out the regulatory functions of the agency (Table 1). Primary laws covered by EPA are the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA), the Clean Water Act (CWA), Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and LiabiUty Act (CERCLA), Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), and Eederal Insecticide, Eungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). 

Release Reporting. Both the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liabihty Act (CERCLA) and EPCRA have requirements for reporting releases to the air, ground, or water. Lists of reportable chemicals or family of chemicals and their reportable quantity (RQ) have been issued (9). A reportable quantity is the amount, in pounds or kilograms, below which a release does not have to be reported. CERCLA requires only the reporting of releases from the CERCLA Hst however, EPCRA requires reporting releases of both EPCRA- and CERCLA-Hsted substances. 

Reportable releases under CERCLA must be reported to the National Response Center, at (800) 424-8802. Reporting under EPCRA requires notifying the facihty s LEPC (or relevant local emergency response personnel if there is no LEPC) and the SERC of any state likely to be affected. If a faciUty is near the border of another state, that state may have to be notified as well. Notification is required to be immediate, which is usually defined as within 30 minutes of the release. State or local authorities may have additional or different reporting requirements. Eailure to report release in a timely manner can result in severe penalties from the regulatory authorities. 

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and EiabilityAct, (CERCLA) Reportable Releases 40 CFR 302, "EPA Designation, Reportable... 

Quantities, and Notification Requirements for Ha2ardous Substances under CERCLA," Table 302.4, "Lists of Ha2ardous Substances and Reportable Quantities " EPCRA Section 304 Reportable Releases 40 CFR 355, "The List of Extremely Ha2ardous Substances and their Threshold Planning Quantities," Appendix A, Alphabetical Order, and Appendix B, CAS Number Order. 

Under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and LiabiHty Act (CERCLA)/RCRA regulations in effect at the end of 1986 bromine is regulated as a hazardous waste or material. Therefore, it must be disposed of in an approved hazardous waste faciHty in compliance with EPA and/or other appHcable local, state, and federal regulations and should be handled in a manner acceptable to good waste management practice. The reportable quantity is 45.4 kg for corrosivity (62). 

Chromium Exposure Levels and U.S. Government Regulations. The level of exposure to chromium compounds for employees in industry and for the general population via waste disposal and industrial emissions is the subject of much regulation, research, and controversy. Some U.S. Government regulations, such as the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and LiabiUty Act (CERCLA), also known as the Superfund Act, make no distinction as to the oxidation state of chromium (144). However, there is valence distinction in other regulations. 

The United States has the most laws regarding environmental safety and health. The National Environmental PoHcy Act (NEPA) of 1969 has resulted in the following acts Eederal Insecticides, Eungicide and Rodenticide (EIERA), Resource Conservation and Recovery (RCRA), Superfund (CERCLA), Superfund Amendments and Reauthori2ation Act (SARA) Plus Tide III, Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA), Clean Water (CWA), Water Quahty, Safe Drinking Water (SDWA), and Waste Minimi2ation and Control. 

Equipment for Superfund Waste Shipment RCRA hazardous waste that has been spilled, improperly landfilled, or dredged from defunct lagoons is a CERCLA waste, more commonly referred to as a Superfuna waste. For clean-ups where offsite treatment is the chosen solution, soil is excavated and placed in 15-m roll-off box or dump body truck. The trucks may be lined with polyethylene to reduce... 

B) Any contamination of the environment or damage to natural resources at a facility owned or operated hy Seller or a facility/location chosen hy Seller for its disposal of Wastes or any other facility at which Seller s Wastes may he released or threatened to he released, including any liability imposed by federal, state and local laws, regulations and ordinances, including, but not limited to, the Federal Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), 42 USC 9601 etseq., the Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), 42 USC 6901 et seq., or comparable and applicable state legal requirements or any extension or revision thereof or... 

This chapter addresses the potential for hazardous air emissions from environmental remediation sites. These emissions can occur at hazardous spill locations, at undisturbed remediation sites, and during cleanup of remediation sites under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) or the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA). Air emissions may pose a potential health risk at these sites. 

The aquatic fate of contaminants released from the CERCLA site as well as those transferred to surface water from other media beyond site boundaries must be considered. 

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act. 

Any substance designated under the Clean Water Act and the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) as posing a threat to waterways and the environment when released. 

This section provides an overview of the engineering technologies and applications that are currently applicable to the study and remediation of releases of hazardous wastes and constituents from RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act) facilities and those sites which parallel Superfund sites. Activities which would be termed removal actions or expedited response actions under CERCLA (Comprehensive Environmental Recovery-Cleanup and Liability Act) are also covered in this section. Information presented in this section represent excerpts from document EPA/625/4-89/020 (September 1989). 

Indicates if notification requirements apply to the chemical released Identifies notification requirements for release of reportable quantities of chemicals (e.g., CERCLA, SARA). 

CERCLA Site Discharges to POTWs Treatability Manual, August 1990 540/2-90-007 ERIC W570 NTIS PB91-921269 Disk PB91-507236. 

CERCLA Site Discharges to POTWs CERCLA Site Sampling Program -Detailed Data Report, May 1990 540/2-90-008 ERIC W515 NTIS PB91-921270. 

Guide to Discharging CERCLA Aqueous Wastes to Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs), March 1991 NTIS PB91-219364 Handbook for Monitoring Industrial Wastewater, August 1973 625/6-73-(X)2 ERIC W318 NTIS PB-259146. 

Deactivation and certain decontamination and dismantlement (D D) activities that do not fall under CERCLA... 

For other CERCLA sites the proeess ean be very different from the typieal DOE site. The proeess may start with various phases of site assessments. The intermediate step may be a pilot study, followed by a pilot plant operation, or possibly a removal aetion or other alternative. The final steps may vary widely. However, just as in DOE sites, the appropriate rule or requirement depends on the site-speeifie faeility or operation, the assoeiated hazards, and the potential for worker exposure to the hazards. For the Army Corps of Engineers eleanup or oversight, the rules will most likely be even more stringent than for OSHA or DOE. 

Under this provision, facilities should notify the LEPC and consequently the SERC of any possible environmental release of specific chemicals. The specific chemicals referred to in SARA Title III are found on the Extremely Hazardous Substance List (40 CER 355) and the Reportable Quantity List (the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act [CERCLA] Section 103 [a]). 

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