Cellulose acetate butyrate formulation

Zentner and coworkers [24,26] utilized this information in their development of a system that releases this drug over a 24 hr period. The use of NaCl to modulate the release of diltiazem presents an interesting problem in that the concentration of the solubility modifier must be maintained within certain limits and below its saturation solubility within the device. To solve this problem, core formulations were developed that contained both free and encapsulated NaCl. The encapsulated NaCl was prepared by placing a microporous coating of cellulose acetate butyrate containing 20 wt% sorbitol onto sieved NaCl crystals. The coated granules released NaCl over 12-14 hr period via an osmotic mechanism into either water or the core tablet formulation. The in vitro release profile for tablets (core I devices) containing 360 mg of diltiazem HC1 and 100 mg of NaCl equally divided between the immediate release and controlled release fractions... 

Inert binders Polybutadiene and cellulose derivatives are used as binders for LOVA formulations [24]. The commonly used polybutadiene-based binders are hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) and carboxy-terminated polybutadiene (CTPB)/poly(butadiene-acrylonitrile) (PBAN) while the most commonly used cellulose derivatives are ethyl cellulose (EC), cellulose acetate (CA), cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) and cellulose... 

The Dylux 503 formulation contained a HABI, the leucodye TLA-454, a mixture of quinones, triethanolamine triacetate, several plasticizers, an organic acid, cellulose acetate butyrate binders, as well as antiblocking agents (fluorinated derivatives) as well as a silica derivative to provide tooth to the coating. The selection was made to provide maximum performance at minimum mill cost. The paper substrate required had high holdout, so as to permit two-sided coatings as well as to minimize the wicking of chemistry into the base. 

Vaithiyalingam, S. Khan, M.A. Optimization and characterization of controlled release multi-particulate beads formulated with a customized cellulose acetate butyrate dispersion. Int. J. Pharm. 2002, 234, 179-193. 

Nitrocellulose, polyester, acrylic and methacrylic ester copolymer, formaldehyde resin, rosin, cellulose acetate butyrate are the most frequently used polymers in nail polish formulations. Solvents were selected to suit the polymer used. These include acetone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl glycol acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, toluene, xylene, isopropyl alcohol, methyl chloroform, and naphtha. Solvents constitute a substantial Ifaction of the composition usually around 70%. Reformulation is ongoing to improve the flexibility and durability of the nail polish. Other efforts are directed to improve antifungal properties,to eliminate ketones and formaldehyde resin (ketones because of their toxicity and irritating smell and formaldehyde resins because they contribute to dermatitis), and elimination of yellowing. All efforts are di-... 

Cellulose acetate butyrate can be nucleated using polyolefin waxes, paraffins, Fis-cher-Tropsch waxes, esters and amides of fatty adds, or inorganic particles. The typical concentration of nucleating agent used in formulation is 0.25 wt%. ... 

Cellulosics have similar properties that vary in degree. The four most prominent cellulosics are cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose propionate, and ethyl cellulose. A fifth member of this group is cellulose nitrate. Cellulose materials are available in a great number of formulations and flow rates and are manufactured to offer a wide range of properties. They are formulated with a wide range of plasticizers for specific properties. 

There are three broad classes of polymeric coatings lacquers, varnishes, and paints. Varnishes are materials that are solutions of either a resin alone in a solvent (spirit varnishes), or an oil and resin together in a solvent (oleo-resinous varnishes). A lacquer is generally considered to be a material whose basic film former is nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate-butyrate, ethyl cellulose, acrylic resin, or another resin that dries by solvent evaporation. The term paint is applied to more complex formulations of a liquid mixture that dries or hardens to form a protective coating. 

Another advantage is that natural polymers can be modified using suitable reagents to obtain semisynthetic polymers. Modified starch/dextran, cyclodextrins, cellulose, alginate, scleroglucan and chitosan derivatives are the most important semisynthetic polymers for the drug industry [17-19]. In this respect, starting from the natural cellulose, at least 10 semisynthetic derivatives are widely used for the optimization of pharmaceutical formulations cellulose acetate (CA), cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), methylcellulose (MC), ethylcellulose (EC), hydroxy-ethyl cellulose (HEC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), nitrocellulose [16,20,21]. 

Table 1.7 Examples of insensitive high explosives (IHE) formulations where CAB is cellulose acetate butyrate, DNAN is 2,4-dinitroanisole, HTPB is hydroxyterminated polybutadiene, IPDI is isophorone diisocyanate and Kel F 800 is chlorotri-fluoroethylene-co-vinylidene fluoride polymer...

The most common type of additive used in TPA formulations is the cellulose ester, in particular cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB). This can confer a range of properties to coatings, including flow control, reflow in automotive top coats and the improvement of cold check resistance. 

Fig. 11.47 one needs to formulate a mechanism for a decrease in the concentration of the added component in the melt. It is postulated, and demonstrated, that in the composition range of interest the cellulose acetate butyrate component also crystallizes.(2) Its concentration in the residual melt thus will be reduced, and an acceleration in the growth rate will result. The crystallization is shown to occur over a limited concentration range and is thus consistent with other aspects of the experimental results. Although unique, these results can be interpreted in a manner that is consistent with other results. 

The GuideLink process as currently formulated depends on light induced polymerization of a very mobile combination of acrylate monomers in a cellulose acetate butyrate binder polymer. 

Low viscosity cellulose propionate butyrate esters containing 3—5% butyryl, 40—50% propionyl, and 2—3% hydroxyl groups have excellent compatibihty with oil-modified alkyd resins (qv) and are used in wood furniture coatings (155). Acetate butyrate esters have been used in such varied apphcations as hot-melt adhesive formulations (156), electrostatically spray-coated powders for fusible, non-cratering coatings on metal surfaces (157—159), contact lenses (qv) with improved oxygen permeabiUty and excellent wear characteristics (160—162), and as reverse-osmosis membranes for desalination of water (163). 

Polymers more commonly used in CIJ Solvent Inkjet formulations include, nitrocellulose, acryhcs, cellulose acetate but)rrate, vinyl chloride co-polymers, polyvinyl butyrate, etc. ... 

Cellulose acetate-propionate is used in flexographic ink formulations. The acetate-butyrate mixed esters are used in sheeting, molded plastics, hot melt dip coatings, lacquer coating and film products. The mixed proprionate-butyrate ester has excellent compatibility with oil-modified alkyl resins and is used in wood furniture coatings. 

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